In the field of media communications, high technology, sociology, psychology and other sciences, one of the most important aspects of study is information. The definition of this term is formulated by many scholars in the humanities and technical specializations. The changes that have swept humanity in the era of the information boom are massive and systemic.
Researchers-sociologists and social scientists characterize the new period of development of society in different ways:
- “post-industrial society” (D. Bell);
- “postmodern society” (S. Kruk and S. Lesh);
- “information society” (F. Mahlup and T. Umesao);
- “global village” (M. MacLuen).
All of them focus on a high degree of dynamism, tremendous speed and significance of the operational exchange of various kinds of messages between individuals, large and small social groups, whole institutions. The phenomenon of the concept of "information" comes to the forefront. This definition has its own etymology, which takes its roots from the Latin word "informatio" and denotes processes ...
- familiarization;
- representation;
- understanding (in this case, we mean perception, awareness of something unknown, a comparison of new and old knowledge).
Communication and information: definition in the field of media communications
The concepts of "message" and "information" can not always be generalized. It would be more correct to more clearly distinguish their understanding. Messages in the communication process should be understood as an array of information transmitted from the sender to the recipient. It can be not only words and sounds, text, but also visual symbols, emotional atmosphere, facial expressions and intonations, gestures. We also give the opinion of the famous scientist E.P. Prokhorova that not all messages should be considered information, but only those that are in contact with the consumer, only those that the audience perceived or used. Thus, what turned out to be unapproved and unconscious, remains at the level of communication, not falling under the category of “information”.
General definition
Information (lat. Informatio - explanations, interpretation) - this is news about something, someone else's activity; it is a system of messages about current news of domestic and international life, which guide the audience in the process of obtaining new knowledge, facts, phenomena of politics, economics, culture and science (D. Grigorash).
Information is divided into types:
- objective and biased - epistemological aspect;
- attributive and functional - ontological;
- potential and relevant - pragmatic.
Information in the technical sciences is understood as a message that is transmitted in the form of signs or signals. In this process, you need a data source, its recipient (receiver) and a communication channel.
Thus, in the context of the transformation of the value and professional orientations of society, the definition of the concept of “information” is acquiring an increasingly wide range of meanings. It includes not only human communication, but also all communication processes in the technical, humanitarian and natural sciences.
Confidential Information: Definition
Information of a private nature about a person is called confidential and includes data on his nationality, education, marital status, religious beliefs, state of health, as well as address, date and place of birth. Such information does not pretend to be a state secret, but is protected in accordance with the legislative framework of the Russian Federation and cannot be made public without the permission of the person concerned.
Confidential information is regulated by federal laws “On special protective, antidumping and countervailing measures when importing goods”, taking into account changes and additions (Article 32); "On the protection of personal data", "On information, information technology and the protection of information."