What is a pronoun? What categories are they divided into? You will find answers to these questions in the materials of this article. In addition, you will be presented with several sentences that use both personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns.
General information
A pronoun is a word that does not name a sign, object, or quantity, but merely indicates them. It should be specially noted that they are characterized by a generalized meaning, and not a specific lexical one.
Discharges
By value, all pronouns are divided into 9 categories. Most of them cause certain difficulties during the study. But if you understand the meaning of these pronouns and the principle of their division, then remembering such categories is quite easy.
So, in Russian there are the following pronouns:
- personal
- returnable;
- possessive;
- undefined
- relative;
- interrogative;
- negative
- definitive;
- pointing.
Each of the presented categories may include from one to 25 pronouns. In this article, we will consider in detail only the first three.
Reflexive pronoun
This part of speech expresses the direction of action on the subject of action. Here is an example:
- I see myself from the side.
- I look at myself in the mirror.
Reflexive pronoun may be inflected:
- The genitive and accusative cases are oneself .
- Dative and prepositional cases - to oneself .
- The instrumental case is by itself, by itself.
However, the form of the nominative case in this part of speech is absent. Moreover, the reflexive pronoun does not change by person, gender and number.
Reflexive Pronoun Group
Such a group contains the following reflexive pronouns: “yourself” (used to indicate the person in question) and “own” (to indicate the belonging of an item to a specific person). The objective of these pronouns is to indicate an already named participant in a particular event or to belong to him. For example: "He is proud of himself and his daughter."
It should also be noted that the reflexive pronouns also include such a word as “himself” ( She herself stood up ). In addition, this part of speech (the form of "self") formed a postfix of reflexive verbs -sya .
How do reflexive pronouns (examples) change?
As mentioned above, the pronoun of the self-reflexive discharge does not have an initial form. This word changes only in indirect cases. In addition, it can refer to absolutely any personal pronoun:
- "He looked at himself in the mirror."
- "She looked at herself in the mirror."
- "They looked at themselves in the mirror."
What role does the sentence play?
In a sentence, such pronouns serve as a complement. For example: I wanted to pamper myself and give myself a small gift . By the way, in the form of the dative case, such a part of speech should be distinguished from a particle with an approximate value:
- She found herself an occupation.
- Help yourself.
- It goes to itself and does not think about anything at all.
- The concert was not very so-so.
In such sentences, the word "self" is not allocated independently, but is emphasized along with the member to which it refers.
Reflexive pronoun in English
Reflexive pronouns in English are formed by adding the words my, your, our to possessive pronouns; undefined - one; personal - her, him, them, it. Also, endings -selves (plural) and -self (singular) can be attributed to this part of speech. Here are some examples:
- 1st person of unity. h. - myself (translated as "I myself");
- 2nd person of unity. h. - yourself (it means “you yourself” or “you yourself”);
- 3rd person of unity. h. - herself (translated as "herself");
- 3rd person of unity. h. - himself (translated as "he");
- 3rd person of unity. h. - itself (translated "it is");
- 1st person sets. h. - ourselves (translated as "ourselves");
- 2nd person sets. h. - yourselves (translated "you yourself");
- 3rd person sets. h. - themselves (translated "they themselves").
It should be noted that reflexive English pronouns are used together with verbs in the meaning of the recurrence of an action, as well as in the meaning of “self”, which quite often correspond to the end of Russian reflexive verbs -sya (for example: shave, wash, dress):
- I've hurt myself (i.e. I got hurt).
- Help yourself (i.e. help yourself).
Personal pronouns
Now you know what reflexive pronouns exist.
The Russian language is rich and diverse. And in addition to reflexive pronouns, it includes another 8 different categories. One such is a personal pronoun. It should be noted that it is used in everyday life more often. After all, personal pronouns indicate a specific person in question in a conversation. These include: we, I, you, you, they, he, it, she . For instance:
- I love you.
- She loves him.
- We love you.
The pronouns of the 2nd and 1st person indicate the direct participants in the speech ( we, I, you, you ). 3rd person pronouns indicate those who are not taking part in the conversation ( he, it, she, they ).
In Russian, this part of speech varies by cases, numbers and persons, as well as by gender (only in the 3rd person singular).
By the way, in some foreign languages there are indefinite-personal pronouns. As a rule, they are used to replace an arbitrary subject. Moreover, regardless of gender.
Possessive pronouns
This part of speech indicates the belonging of an object, object or property to a particular object, object, subject, and so on. ( yours, mine, yours, yours, ours, her, him, them ). Here are some examples:
- My son is the best.
- This is your portfolio.
- Our marriage union.
- His ego is too big.
Possessive pronouns can be changed by numbers, persons, cases and childbirth. However, the words of the third person ( her, him, them ) do not bow. In this regard, they are always adjacent to the defined nouns.