Everyone knows what a garden is. The meaning of this word is beyond doubt, however, what is its difference from the park, what are their types and when did they arise - not everyone will be able to answer these questions. Meanwhile, the tradition of organizing gardens was formed in ancient times.
Garden: meaning of the word
As soon as humanity moved to a settled way of life and began to create the first semblance of dwellings, the idea arose to grow plants and fruit trees near them.
So the first gardens appeared. Gradually, gardening has become a real art. From the Renaissance to the beginning of the 20th century. for wealthy people, the garden began to fulfill the role of a place for rest and walks, and not a source of food. But for the peasants, he was always (and remains!) A place for growing fruits and nuts, and also helped to earn extra money.
Today, the word "garden" means a territory allotted by man, on which perennial fruit trees, as well as bushes, sometimes plants and flowers, are planted according to a certain pattern. In rare cases, gardens are also called gardens. So, in the English language for the words "garden" and "garden" one term is used - garden.
In the old days, an integral part of the garden was a pond, which was a source of water, and also performed a decorative function. Today, thanks to various irrigation and irrigation systems, the need for a pond as a source of moisture has disappeared.
Another traditional attribute of gardens is an apiary. Bees pollinate all the flowers in the garden, contributing to a good harvest, and also produce honey.
Types of gardens
First of all, gardens are divided into private and industrial.
A private garden is usually arranged according to the taste of its owner. While the industrial one is notable for its considerable size and is positioned so that it is convenient to care for plants using machines. Specially selected trees and bushes grow in such places, and the persons caring for them do not allow different varieties to mix.
By the type of plants, homogeneous and mixed gardens are distinguished.
Also there are the following types:
- The Botanical Garden is the territory in which plants are grown for scientific purposes. They also play the role of a kind of “living” museum, where everyone can see various species of flora (including rare or recently bred plants) and even acquire some of them.
- A fruit (fruit or fruit) garden is a place where only fruit trees and bushes grow. This species is considered the oldest.
- A decorative garden serves to satisfy the aesthetic needs of its owner. In other words, the plants here are not grown for food, but more for beauty. There are three subspecies of decorative gardens: Japanese, Chinese and winter. The latter partly resembles a greenhouse or greenhouse, but differs from it, since it is part of the house and is used to preserve non-frost-resistant plants.
What is the difference between a garden and a park?
Park and garden are two quite close concepts to each other, because both of them are the creation of human hands.
However, there is a significant difference. Plants planted in the park, and even its design, serve to satisfy the aesthetic needs of a person: relax or take a walk - but not for growing food. Sometimes fruit trees are planted in parks, but this is the exception rather than the rule.
The most famous gardens in history
The tradition of growing gardens is quite ancient, so history knows a lot of them, and one was even recognized as the second wonder of the world. We are talking about the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, built in Babylon by order of King Nebuchadnezzar II. More than a thousand years later, under Empress Catherine II, the Hanging Garden of the Small Hermitage was created in the Russian Empire, by analogy with the Babylonian wonder of the world.
In ancient Rome, the commander of horticultural culture was the commander Lucius Lucullus. He created the legendary Gardens of Lucullus, restored through the centuries by the Medici family.
The garden culture of Rome, which became the progenitor of Europe, relied on the achievements of ancient Egypt. Despite the unfavorable climatic situation, the country of the pharaohs was famous for its gardens. In addition to the usual ones, they had palace, temple and even grave views of them.
One cannot but recall the gardens of Versailles, which stretched over more than 900 hectares. This complex, located near Paris, is a living illustration of what human imagination is capable of with sufficient funding.
As for the UK, the cultivation of gardens is a national tradition here, so there are a lot of them there and some are more than 300 years old.
Other meanings of the word "garden"
This name quite often appears in other meanings. So the garden is called one of the letters of the Arabic alphabet. Also, one of the most famous philosophers and perverts in history bore a name - Donasien Alfons Francois de Sade.
In addition, one of the Polish villages and two Ukrainian villages is called the Garden.
Among other things, there are a lot of names and concepts whose abbreviations form the word "GARDEN": systolic blood pressure, construction of roads, consolidated aviation division, etc.
Gardens, like forests, are the lungs of the planet and therefore the more they appear, the better. I would like to hope that in the modern world the horticultural culture will not disappear, but will only be improved, and new and beautiful gardens will be planted on Earth annually.