Over the past few decades, market relations in our country have been developing quite intensively, and mainly due to the existence of entrepreneurial activity. The main subject of economic relations is the company. This is an organization headed by a legal entity (however, there may be several). She has her own capital and conducts entrepreneurial activity in one or several areas of public life. As a rule, each company has one or more enterprises subordinate to it.
There is even a classification that covers the main types of firms. Firstly, enterprises are distinguished by ownership. In accordance with this criterion, they can be public, private or mixed. In state-owned enterprises, most of the capital is, of course, owned by the state or simply controlled by it. In private, sole or collective companies, there may also be a share of public investment, but it occupies only a small part of the total amount of finance.
The types of firms are distinguished by size, that is, by the number of employees available to the enterprise and the volume of production or sales. Among large, medium and small enterprises in Russia, the latter prevail. Distinguish the types of firms by the nature of those resources that they use to obtain the final result of their activities. There are labor-intensive enterprises that require a large amount of labor; there are capital-intensive ones — those that use the means of production quite intensively , while replacing manual labor with machine labor. And there are material-intensive enterprises that intensively use the resources at their disposal. Material-intensive companies pay great attention to the search for opportunities to reduce transport costs for the delivery of materials and raw materials.
The classification of firms by the nature of their activities distinguishes, firstly, industrial enterprises that are engaged in the extraction and processing of natural resources and the production of goods for the population. In this case, for the efficient operation of the enterprise, its good location is of particular importance. In addition, such companies must ensure compliance with environmental regulations and rules.
Secondly, there are trading enterprises that are a link in a very important chain “producer - buyer”.
Thirdly, there are transport companies that are involved in the field of passenger and cargo transportation. Basically, they are located near the main transport hubs, such as airports, railway stations, etc.
Fourthly, one of the types of enterprises are insurance companies that provide insurance for citizens against accidents and risks.
And finally, the fifth subspecies of firms are companies and enterprises engaged in various types of services - dry cleaners, hotels, car rental points.
They also distinguish the types of firms by their legal status. It can be either business partnerships or unitary enterprises, which are exclusively state or municipal. Enterprises may also have the status of production cooperatives. In this category there are individual entrepreneurs and non-profit organizations.
Types of firms are different, but, regardless of the classification according to classification criteria, before creating an enterprise, its future owner is guided by a number of factors that can positively or negatively influence the fate of the case. For example, if we focus on environmental protection, it is impossible to build certain enterprises in certain regions of the country if all the conditions regarding environmental safety are observed.