Davydov Vasily Vasilievich (photo below) - Russian psychologist and academician. Vice President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation. The author of numerous works on educational psychology. This article will present a short biography of the scientist. So let's get started.
Study
Vasily Vasilyevich Davydov was born in Moscow in 1930. In 1948, he entered the Department of Psychology (Faculty of Philosophy) at Moscow State University. Then this subject was taught by P.Ya. Halperin. After some time, the teacher and student made friends. Davydov became an ardent supporter of his theory of the phased emergence of mental actions.
Work
The last months of training were drawing near. Vasily actively communicated with fellow students V.I. Korovikov, A.A. Zinoviev and E.V. Ilyenkov, who became troublemakers at the Faculty of Philosophy. Therefore, Davydova did not leave to work at Moscow State University after graduate school. A.R. Luria helped Vasily get a job as an editor in the publication “Reports of the USSR APN”.
After some time, A.A. Smirnov invited a young man to the Institute of Psychology. Vasily worked there until the end of his life. Around the same time, the future academician met with DB Elkonin and began a joint activity with him in one of the capital's schools.
Psyche formation
In the early stages of creativity, Vasily Vasilyevich Davydov proposed not to use the term “development” as applied to an individual person. The scientist decided to replace it with the concept of "formation". The basis of this term is the acquisition, development and mastery of the social nature of man, which was noted in the specific products of the subject activity of the previous generation of people. And the psyche is directly the controlling mechanism of labor.
All methods and types of human activity, as well as his inclinations, aspirations, needs, individual activity are the result of the appropriation of standard samples of this work established by society. Davydov believes that public institutions in one way or another affect the formation of the individual. Consequently, the concept of "development" is applied not to the individual, but to society as a whole. And the formation of the psyche of the subject is already a formation.
New concept
In 1978, Vasily Vasilyevich Davydov together with A.K. Markova wrote an article on mental development issues. In this work, one can notice a certain shift in the work of the scientist. The fact is that Davydov decided to move on to another concept. The article hardly mentioned the name Halperin. Well, the very concept of "development" in relation to the formation of an individual was no longer replaced by "formation". To the latter, the scientist assigned his own meaning.
In the article, Vasily Vasilievich considered “formation” as a form of mental development. However, he did not identify these two concepts. According to the scientist, development is a natural qualitative shift in the form and level of activity of an individual, which is social in nature. In addition to the theory, the article also contains empirical data by which one can track the path of development of thinking in both primary school students and adolescents.
Educational program
By the end of the 1970s, Vasily Vasilyevich Davydov gradually changed the theory of P.Ya. Halperin on the cultural-historical concept of L.S. Vygotsky. But although the general psychological views of the scientist have become different, his main goal has not changed at all. Based on the theory of Vygotsky, Vasily Vasilievich developed a new pedagogical program. And DB helped him in this. Elkonin. Their concept was based on three concepts - reflection, theoretical thinking and educational activity. And they are all closely interconnected. The most difficult moment in the development of the theory was the correct ratio of theoretical and empirical thinking, which are used in the process of cognition.
"Theory of Developmental Learning"
Academician Davydov Vasily Vasilievich released this book in 1996. There he spoke in detail about the theory of the development of children. And he did it from the highest position of this problem - the subject of knowledge. According to the scientist, a person is a subject of activity, producing a new spiritual or material product. Well, the process of obtaining a product is an act of creativity. By this concept, the academician understood the real transformation of himself, culture and objective reality. Well, the result of the work done depended directly on the intellectual capabilities of a person.
Vasily Vasilievich Davydov, whose biography is known to all lovers of educational psychology, believed that the personality is the main subject of creative activity, but not the only one. The scientist admitted the possibility of the existence of such a term as a collective individual. If we consider a person as a subject of creative activity, then not all people can become it, but only those who have achieved significant results for society.
Heritage
Davydov Vasily Vasilyevich, a brief biography of which was described above, died in 1998. All his life, the scientist devoted to changing the principles of school education. Of course, Davydov's theoretical views periodically changed, but the general idea always remained unchanged. Created by him in collaboration with DB Elkonin theory of developing education is still successfully applied in many schools of the Russian Federation. And this irrefutably proves its effectiveness and viability.