Proper punctuation is not possible without understanding the syntax of simple and complex sentences. In some cases, a comma is set automatically: for example, in front of compositional unions like a , but. Often indicate the need to put a punctuation mark in speech pauses, as well as intonation in the enumeration (homogeneous terms).
In most obscure situations, setting a comma, dash, or colon is still closely related to parsing.
In general, any members of a sentence can be isolated, as well as plug-in constructions such as calls and introductory words. Accordingly, before putting this or that punctuation mark, you need to mentally do a sentence analysis and find a construction that needs to be isolated.
Sentences with separate definitions are very common. It is understandable: without words characterizing objects from different angles, speech would be inaccurate and unexpressive.
The definition is easily recognized in the sentence on adjectives. This member of the sentence is expressed in parts of speech denoting the attribute of the subject (adjectives, participles, ordinal numbers) or pointing to it (pronouns). But in fact, any significant parts of speech can act as a definition (inconsistent) .
A stand-alone definition is, as is clear from the foregoing, a member of a sentence to which the questions fit:
“which?”, “Which?” , "What?", "What?" Depending on the place in the syntactic structure, such a definition is distinguished by punctuation marks: at the beginning or end of a sentence - one comma, in the middle - two.
Students often mentally equate the sacrament with a separate definition. Partly they are right - the sentence with dependent words often enters into the sentence structure with separate definitions. But, firstly, such a definition is not always necessary to highlight with commas, and, secondly, single participles and adjectives are also distinguished. For example, if non-common definitions (two or more) appear after the main word:
The sailor, experienced and courageous, returned from circumnavigation.
The sun, bright, blinding, gradually went beyond the horizon.
There is another myth regarding sentences with separate definitions. Remembering that the participle is highlighted only after the main word, students forget about definitions with the meaning of circumstances or additions. Such constructions require a comma, regardless of the position of the word being defined.
An example of a similar sentence with separate definitions:
Pretty tired of the chase, the horse slowed down its run. (That is, the horse began to run slower, because she was tired of the chase - circumstantial significance.)
It also does not matter the place of participle or single participle (less often adjective), if they relate to a personal pronoun:
Grieved by the incident of yesterday, we walked in silence and hardly spoke.
Joyful and excited, he explained something heatedly.
Inconsistent definitions are isolated selectively in cases where such a selection is justified by logical emphasis.
So, a sentence with a separate definition is easy to find if you understand the syntactic function of this minor term, as well as the ways of expressing it. This is perhaps the main condition for the correct placement of punctuation marks.