What is concurrency? This is a technique used in poetic speech. It is a comparison of two phenomena by the method of their parallel image. This kind of juxtaposition emphasizes the difference or similarity of phenomena occurring in a work of art. He gives a special expressiveness to poetic speech and has the most diverse purpose, application and meaning. Consider the other syntax constructs that use parallelism:
- In the sentence, the words are arranged according to a certain law. To build it correctly, you need to follow the word order, otherwise when rearranging any members, it can completely change the meaning.
- The reverse and direct word order is called "inversion." The subject before the predicate is a direct order, and if inversion is used, that is, the inversion itself, then the words will be arranged in a different order not provided for by the grammatical rules. Used for strong expression of feelings, in an excited, emotional conversation.
The means of parallelism existing in the Russian language are called pictorial. They have one more name - stylistic figures. These include the following: non-union, multi-union, anaphora, exclamation and conversion. Concurrency is a storehouse of expressive opportunities for speaking. The most famous pictorial means used in parallelism are a rhetorical question and syntactic parallelism.
Syntactic parallelism is the principle of the constructive arrangement of stylistic figures or, as it is also called, a special case of repetition and symmetry. It consists in the "mirror" structure of syntactic structures. This may be the same number of components, the syntactic relationship between them, the location of the components of these structures. At least two syntactic units must be present in syntax concurrency. For example: "His figure expresses the invisible qualities of the soul, the hidden qualities of the spirit."
Syntactic parallelism (from the Greek word "parallelos" - going side by side) is a completely monotonous construction of several sentences in which identically expressed terms are arranged in the same sequence.
Syntactic concurrency. Examples:
What is he looking for in a distant country?
What did he throw in his native land?
(M. Lermontov)
Syntactic parallelism is very common, and its meaning is as follows: in poems or prose the same structure of sentences is strictly observed.
Convert (chiasm) and direct parallelism are distinguished here. It depends on how the proposals relate to each other.
Syntactic parallelism can strengthen the rhetorical question (it is in its structure a sentence of an interrogative, but transmitting message).
Let's consider in more detail other means of parallelism:
Conversion is an expressive means of speech (these are proper names, nicknames of animals or names of objects). Invocative intonation is inherent in him.
Anaphora is a repetition of turns of speech or individual words at the beginning of sentences or their passages that make up the utterance.
Unionlessness is a deliberate omission of unions in a sentence for swiftness and dynamism of statements.
Multi-union - the opposite in meaning of the stylistic structure of the proposal. Used in artwork for expressive speech. In this case, unions are repeated, thereby emphasizing the incompleteness of thought, and make the proposal itself more emotionally expressed.
The complex, called the period, contains a number of homogeneous sentences, for example, subordinate clauses. Usually they begin in the same unions and have the same size.