When the child goes to school, some parents are simply not able to help him with the home building, because they themselves studied at the school for a long time and do not remember much. This article will discuss how to help your child do orthoepic analysis of a word. To begin with, recall what is orthoepy?
Orthoepy is the science of pronunciation. Orthoepic analysis is an analysis of the pronunciation of words.
In Russian, a certain pronunciation of certain sounds was established that did not correspond to their spelling due to certain rules. Let's look at them.
The most important rules for pronunciation of literary words:
1. The words so that they pronounce as (to ) , ( shto) , the words rains and rain pronounce as (dodge), (dosh).
2. When combining a number of consonants - stl, rdz, stn - one of the sounds is not pronounced. For example, ( shcha SL willow) , ( le CH CHI) , ( all RC e) .
3. The combination of ch is pronounced in some words as shn ( kane shn o) , ( square shn ik) , ( ya shn itz ) , and they write - of course, birdhouse, fried eggs . But in most words the combination of ch is pronounced in accordance with the spelling: country, juicy, river .
4. At the end of the words, instead of the sound, r is heard to : ( friend K), ( plow K), ([ lu K), and they write - friend, plow, meadow .
5. Paired voiced consonants, standing in the middle of a word in front of deaf consonants, pronounce as paired deaf consonants: ( ku P), ( gr P), and write - cube, mushroom .
6. The endings -that, -that is pronounced as - tsa ( old TsZ A) , [( abavlya TsTs A) , ( mcha TsTs A) , endings - it, -th pronounce as - willow, -ava ( light ABA), ( QUESTION), (CAVO).
7. Deaf consonants are voiced if they are in front of voiced consonants: (e-replacements), (koZba), (fuBolist).
8. After the hissing sounds w, w and the consonant sound, instead of the vowel e , the middle sound is pronounced between (e) and (s) - (w e bark).
9. In front of hissing w, h, w consonants with, s pronounce as long hissing (Zh burned) , (Zh grilled) , ( without LJ worn out) . At the beginning of the word, cn sounds like a hissing ni : ( nn astringent) , ( nnnnnn) , ( nnnnnnnnnn) , and they write - happy, counted, counted .
10. The letters e, e are written in the same way as they are pronounced if they are at the beginning of the word ( this, is going, experiment ).
11. If the vowels e, I are not stressed, then they are pronounced as a sound close to the vowel and : ( q And sleep) , ( q And lovaya) , ( in And net) .
12. The vowel letter o is pronounced as a sound close to a , if it stands in an unstressed position: ( m A l A k) , ( in A yes) , ( g A sily) .
13. The vowel letters o, but not under stress, pronounce as a weakened sound (a): (kAmar), (cAmAvar). The vowels under the accent pronounce, as they write: Gray, descended, or kosim.
14. In Russian and foreign words, double consonants pronounce without doubling: Russian, Belarusian, neat , with the exception of manna, bath .
15. After the hissing sh, t, f , pronounce a, e , but write e: iron, wool, whole.
16. In foreign words, after soft consonants, they write and pronounce the letter e : Colosseum, deanery, manner , and after a consonant or vowel, they write e , but pronounce e : coffee, diet, studio . Exception: peer, mayor, sir . In other cases, after the vowels, they write and pronounce the letter e : maestro, poetic, silhouette. Exception: project .
Orthoepic analysis of the word should be carried out as follows:
1. Read it. Think about whether it may sound different.
2. In the orthoepic dictionary, look at how this word is pronounced.
3. Say it correctly. (In the event that you need to conduct a written analysis, write down a word with notes (explanations) of stress and pronunciation.)
Orthoepic analysis - examples:
- More fun - the stress falls only on the 2nd syllable;
- yai ' chn itza (shn) ;
- kashen '(ne') - Neskl, noun.
Phonetic analysis is the determination of the number of letters and sounds in a word, as well as a characteristic of all sounds.
If you can make a mistake when pronouncing a word or staging an accent, then you make orthoepic analysis, and if you need to characterize all sounds and letters, then phonetic analysis of the word. It is impossible to know the Russian language well without studying such important sections as orthoepy and phonetics.