One of the most developing countries in the world today is India. Industry and agriculture are largely state-owned. The role of these areas in the formation of GDP is significant. If the first of them is 29%, then the second - 32%. The largest share of GDP (about 39%) belongs to the service sector. The main industries of India are iron and steel industry, mechanical engineering, energy, light and chemical industries. They will be discussed further in more detail.
Metallurgy
Ferrous metallurgy is one of the key areas of the state economy. This is not surprising, since the country is rich in deposits of ore and coal. The most important center of the region was the city of Calcutta, whose surroundings are often called the “Indian Ruhr”. The largest metallurgical plants in the country are located mainly in the eastern states. In general, the industry works to ensure the internal needs of the state. Among all the extracted minerals, India exports only manganese, mica, bauxite and some iron ores.
A well-developed area of non-ferrous metallurgy can be called aluminum smelting, which relies on its own large reserves of raw materials. The need for other non-ferrous metals is met by imports.
Engineering
This industry in recent years has achieved significant success. Such areas as carriage, shipbuilding, automotive and aircraft construction can be called quite developed. The main industries of India are provided through its own engineering complex. The country produces almost all types of equipment. More than 40 enterprises operate in this area; they are located in the largest cities of the state.
Textile industry
The second largest source of employment in the country was India's textile industry. According to analytical data, about 20 million local residents are currently employed in it. In 2005, the government abolished a number of taxes and fees in the industry, which contributed to a significant influx of foreign and domestic investment. After that, in a very short period of time, this sector of the economy was transformed from degrading to rapidly developing. Its rapid growth stopped in 2008. The reason was the global crisis and the decline in demand in world markets for textiles from India.
This industry has ceased to be attractive to investors, which has led to a reduction of about 800 thousand of the newly created jobs in the industry. Currently, the authorities are taking a number of measures aimed at restricting the construction of weaving factories. This is done, first of all, in the interests of developing small enterprises operating in this area.
Chemical industry
The cost of production, which is annually produced by the chemical industry in India, is an average of 32 billion US dollars. Currently, the industry is experiencing a number of problems that are caused by high prices for raw materials and means of production, as well as competition created by imported goods.
The profitability of this sector began to decline gradually back in the nineties of the last century. Now in the country the production of mineral fertilizers, chemical fibers, plastics and synthetic rubber is gradually being established. A pharmaceutical industry in India exports formulations and products on average $ 18 million a year. The main problem of the industry is that only a small share of manufactured products is exported. The only direction that continues to grow substantially now is fine organic synthesis.
Energetics
Although the energy industry in India is developing very rapidly, the household needs for fuel are provided mainly by firewood and agricultural waste. Coal mining is established in the north-eastern part of the state. Transporting it to thermal power plants is quite expensive. Be that as it may, they account for about 60% of the generated electricity.
A significant step towards the creation of a modern energy system was the construction of hydroelectric power stations and nuclear power plants. The share of the former in the volume of electricity generated is 38%, and the latter - 2%.
There is oil in the bowels, but such an industry as the oil industry of India is very poorly developed. The processing of "black gold" is much better organized, but it is mainly based on imported raw materials. The main such enterprises are located in large ports - Bombay and Madras.
Agriculture
Crop production prevails in the agricultural structure of India. The main food crops grown are wheat and rice. An important export role is played by technical varieties, which include cotton, tea, sugarcane and tobacco.
The dominance of plant growth is largely due to climatic conditions. The rainy summer season provides ideal conditions for growing cotton, rice and cane, while less moisture-dependent crops (barley and wheat) are sown in dry winters. Thus, crop production in India is developing all year round. The state fully provides itself with food crops.
Largely because of Hinduism, animal husbandry in the country is practically not developing. The fact is that this religion not only does not encourage the consumption of meat, but also calls the processing of hides a "dirty" craft.
Conclusion
Industrial development in India is only gaining momentum. By its absolute size, the state is among the ten world leaders. At the same time, the level of national product per capita is extremely low. Do not forget that India is an industrial-agrarian country, in which an economy with predominant agricultural production has been preserved since the colonial times.