In order to understand the spelling of participles with a particle, one must remember what the participle is. We know that this is a form of the verb that denotes a sign in action and has the properties of both the verb and the adjective.
Not with participles is written together:
- when a given part of speech is formed from a word that is not used without a particle.
For example: hated.
Hated by everyone, he tried not to catch the eye;- in the case when the particle does not help form a complete participle a new concept, becoming a prefix. This is easily verified by replacing such a word with a synonym or expression with a similar meaning. For example: non-completed material (new material);
- in the case when the sacrament carries with it a dependent adverb, in the meaning of measure and degree: completely unfulfilled material.
Not with participles we write separately:
- with full participles, if there is a contrast with the help of the union a. For example: The house was not completed, but simply made up of improvised materials;
- if in full participles there are dependent words, except for adverbs in the meaning of measure and degree. For example: On a mountain, an unfinished house stood;
- if the sentence already has a negation. For example: No, this house is not finished;
- with brief participles is not always written separately: This house is not completed;
The order of reasoning when writing is not with the participles
Before deciding how to spell negative
the particle is not with participles, determine in what form, short or complete, this part of speech is. If in brief, then write separately.
In the presence of full communion, we recall whether it is possible to use it without not. If not, then you need to write together.
If, without this particle, the participle is used, then we look to see if there are any oppositions with the union a. The presence of contrast says that we do not write with participles separately.
If it is not, then we are looking for an emphasized negation. When there is negation, it is not written separately.
If there is no negation, then we look for dependent words for a given part of speech. There are no such words - it means we are writing a particle together. If there are dependent words, then we look at which ones. The adverb of measure and degree allows you to write a particle not with participles together. If there is another part of speech, write separately.
How to distinguish between a participle and a verb adjective
In order to correctly write a particle not, it is necessary to learn to determine which
part of the speech before us: communion or adjective.
The main thing is that participles, as a rule, denote a sign that occurs when the object itself acts or due to the action over it. This is a temporary sign. For example: a flying plane , this is a plane that is flying at a given moment.
And the adjective is a constant feature of the subject: volatile gas. That is, a gas that has certain chemical characteristics.
Communion is combined with the same words as the verb from which it is formed: launched into water, launched into water . And the adjective can appear in combination with nouns with which the verb does not form phrases. For example: attractive appearance , but it cannot be said: to attract appearance.
So, we examined the basic steps for writing correctly not with the participles and learned to distinguish it from the verb adjective.