Modern domestic weapons in the form of air defense "Shtil" is a multi-channel launcher, oriented to ship-based, it is equipped with a vertical launch. The system is designed to carry out a ship’s all-round defense, as well as repel an enemy air attack, including massive missile attacks. Weapons are also used for all-round defense and retaliatory attacks on massive missile attacks by the enemy. In the future, the complex should replace existing analogues of the "Hedgehog" and "Hurricane" types. The system was developed by the designers of the Altair Research Institute, presented in 2004 at the Euronaval exhibition. The development of improved ground-based analogs is also underway; we will consider their features and characteristics.
general description
SAM "Calm" has an original and original design. The main element is a vertical module with a launcher type 3C-90E. If necessary, several modules can be mounted on the ship, each of which includes twelve containers with missiles. Dimensions - 7.15 / 1.75 / 9.5 meters, allow it to be installed on ships with a minimum internal volume of hull 7.4 m. The complexes are located in six pieces in two rows. Such a solution makes it possible to accommodate a large amount of ammunition in a relatively small space.
The Shtil-1 air defense missile system has dimensions that make it possible to replace the Uragan missile system on domestic destroyers. At the same time, the power and stock of weapons is almost doubled. Space saving and increased ammunition is achieved due to the lack of additional mechanisms, such as a beam launcher and its fixing parts.
Features
The Shtil-1 SAM has another distinctive feature from the Hurricane counterpart. The missiles in it are located strictly vertically, so the complex launches shells with a break of no more than two seconds. The next volley is made after the first missile leaves the launch point several tens of meters. A system with a beam installation takes much longer to prepare and launch.
The Shtil air defense missile system uses a 9-M317-ME guided missile. This is an upgraded ammunition system "Buk." It is a single-stage solid fuel rocket, which has the following dimensions:
- Length - 5180 mm.
- Case diameter - 360 mm.
- Starting weight - 580 kg.
The tail of the projectile is equipped with rudders with a sweep of 82 centimeters. The fragmentation part weighs 62 kilograms. The rocket accelerates at a speed of about 1,500 meters per second. The main difference from its predecessor is the launch method. In this regard, several design additions have been applied. The projectile flies after the operator’s command to a height of about ten meters above the deck of the ship, after which the ammunition is adjusted towards the target under the influence of gas rudders. Then, the marching power plant and the guidance system are turned on.
SAM "Shtil-1": technical description
The complex under consideration includes launching stations with missiles and additional devices. It does not have its own detection systems, but there is an option to navigate using ship's radar sections. The electronic equipment consists of a computing unit, a control panel, several transmitters and a highlighting of the intended target. Up to twelve targets can be attacked simultaneously. The complex can be mounted on any military ships, does not require special transformation or alteration of the structure.
The Shtil air defense system is installed on ships with a displacement of at least 1,500 tons. The design of the installation makes it possible to base the complex on swimming facilities of various projects. In addition, devices can replace obsolete analogues. Such features portend a promising future.
Opportunities
The Shtil-1 naval air defense system is equipped with missiles that are capable of hitting targets at a distance of up to fifty kilometers. In this case, the maximum speed of the intended target can reach more than 800 meters per second. If we compare this system with the “Buk”, then we note the presence of basic hardware equipment along with improved guidance systems and a homing system, in which the illumination of the object, which is planned to strike, plays an important role.
Several versions of the warhead were developed, depending on the type of target and its range. For example, the Shtil-M air defense system can hit aircraft at an altitude of about 15 thousand meters. For cruise missiles, the figure decreases by 2-3 times. Also, the radius of action to eliminate flying targets at low altitude is reduced by half from the maximum possible parameter.
SAM "Calm-2"
A technical description of this combat complex is given below:
- The length / diameter of the rocket is 18.3 / 1.9 meters.
- Payload - 1.87 cubic meters. m
- Starting weight - 39.9 tons.
- Type of ammunition - R-29RM.
- Type of launch - surface or surface.
The Shtil-2 air defense system consists of an aerodynamic fairing, a payload compartment, an adapter, a navigation and control unit, and a skeleton. The aerodynamic fairing is made of a sealed enclosure, equipped with hatches for the installation of electronic equipment.
The starting system of the complex includes a starting and technical circuit having devices for auxiliary and main missile launch. The control unit consists of an automated unit, in the memory of which information is entered about the flight mission, distance to the target, other telemetry information, up to measurements of launch parameters.
Test
The Shtil-1 air defense system and its ground-based counterpart in test trials showed the following results:
- The possibility of launching from one set - at least 10 times a year.
- Launching spacecraft with a minimum interval of 15 days.
- Guaranteed communication in standby mode with high readiness for launch.
Flying from the ground version provides the formation of orbits in a limited space, about 60-77 degrees. When launched from a submarine, the latitude range varies from 0 to 77 grams. The inclination of the rocket depends on the coordinates of the launch point, while it remains possible to use the submarine for its intended purpose.
Anti-aircraft missile system "Poliment-Redut"
The development of the latest system for the Russian fleet is being carried out by the NGO Almaz-Antey. As ammunition, anti-aircraft missiles 9-M96 and 9-M100 are used. The development of the considered air defense system has been carried out since 2011, however, due to various circumstances, the delivery schedule has been delayed.
This was due to the lack of a sufficient number of engineers and designers, most of whom were involved in the development of land analogues of the complex. In this regard, the construction of frigates of project 22350, which provided for the installation of new weapons, was also carried out with a delay. Considerable difficulties arose when creating the Poliment radar station with a phased antenna array. In combination with the 9-M96 missile launcher, the complex makes up a full-fledged version of the Poliment-Redut air defense system.
Testing
In the summer of 2014, an imitation of a cruise missile was hit in one gulp from the Redut air defense system. The launch was carried out from the board of the “Correct” corvette. This was the first successful test conducted in the Baltic Sea. Then, targets imitating a fleet of a conditional enemy were successfully hit.
In the autumn of the same year, the complex was tested for damage to the air and surface targets of the alleged enemy. All targets were eliminated. In 2015, the crew of the Corrective Corvette successfully displayed the mission to destroy enemy cruise missiles. In this case, the volley was carried out in difficult radar conditions.
The high combat capabilities of the Redut air defense system and the Shtil air defense system are largely due to the designers of the Almaz-Antey company. They carried out the order of the Ministry of Defense, despite all the difficulties. In July 2015, the management of the concern officially announced that the tests of the anti-aircraft systems under consideration were completed successfully.
Modifications and performance characteristics
In the series "Poliment-Redoubt" provides two options for complexes. The first of them is focused on frigates of project 22350 (K96-2), and the second version is supposed to be mounted on corvettes of the type 20380 (equipped with the Furke-2 system).
Below are the parameters of the tactical and technical plan:
- The range of destruction of the aerodynamic target is from 1.5 to 60 km.
- The height of the shot is 0.01-30 km.
- Ballistic target elimination zone - from 1.5 to 30 km in range, 2-25 km in height.
- The ammunition used is the 9-M-96E2 anti-aircraft guided missile.
The charge has a starting weight of about 420 kilograms, the average flight speed is 950 meters per second. Type of missile guidance - inertial with a radio correction system. Used warhead - radar, active. The defeat is a high-explosive fragmentation type with a bulk of 24 kg.
Interesting Facts
In 2015, two successful launches of 9-M96E missiles from the board of the Soobrazitelny corvette were carried out on the Baltic Sea. Subsequently, the Redoubt system was installed on the frigate Admiral Gorshkov. This ship is now in the Northern Fleet, is preparing to conduct joint tests, including the defeat of flying targets. Modernization of the ship at the shipyard in St. Petersburg made it possible to equip the ship with additional radar facilities
An official briefing took place as part of the Max-2013 air show, at which the general manager of the Antei-Almaz group stated that the tests of the new anti-aircraft missile system were interrupted in 2012. The main reason is the “Correct” fire on the corvette. In the same year, after the repair of the vessel, the air defense system tests were resumed. In 2014, testing began on the ammunition installed at Admiral Gorshkov. Three types of missiles were tested: 9-M96D, 9-M100 and 9-M96D.
Finally
The Shtil-2 and Poliment-Redut air defense missile systems have similar parameters. Their main advantage over their predecessors is that they can be launched from surface and ground targets. In addition, the design features allow you to use less usable area while increasing the number of ammunition. All missiles passed successfully test tests, despite some delays in the timing of the production of complexes. The considered modern weapons are planned to be used on frigates and other ships, as well as on land bases and submarines. Such functionality is associated with the versatility of the systems and their wide capabilities, including protection against aircraft and enemy ships.