A sentence is one of the basic units of syntax. It is a complete thought and may consist of one or more words. From a grammatical point of view, the sentence has members - the main ones (subject and predicate), as well as secondary ones (these are definitions, additions, circumstances). What is the syntactic role of one or another part of speech in a sentence? We will try to understand this question below: we will consider only independent parts of speech.
The syntactic role of a noun
As a rule, a noun acts as the main member of a sentence or supplement. But the peculiarity of this part of speech is that it can become any member of a sentence. In their main role, nouns can be defined, for example, by adjectives, pronouns, participles, ordinal numbers with agreement in such categories as gender, number and case. Also, a noun can make syntactic constructions with verbs, adverbs and predicative words.
The syntactic role is the name of the adjective
The most common role of an adjective in a sentence is an agreed definition, but it is not the only one. The name adjective can also act as a subject or a nominal part of a compound predicate. For adjectives in a short form, it is characteristic to act only in the role of the predicate.
The syntactic role of an adverb
The usual role of an adverb is a circumstance - a mode of action, time, place, reason, purpose, measure and degree. However, sometimes it can be predictable. There is also a separate group of dialects, which in the sentence play the role of allied words.
The syntactic role of the verb
The verb usually acts as a predicate. The infinitive (if you do not remember - this is an indefinite form of the verb) can also be included in the composite predicate, or can be a subject, addition, definition, circumstance.
The syntactic role of the participle
The participle has the same grammatical properties as the adjective, therefore, in the sentence it often acts as an agreed definition. However, its kinship with the verb also allows the participle in some cases to be a nominal part of the compound predicate, but this is typical only for short forms. In addition, participle with dependent words forms the so-called participle circulation, which, being an indivisible structure, can be almost any minor member.
The syntactic role of the participle
The participle in the sentence is only a circumstance. However, as part of a participial turnover, it may become another secondary member of the proposal, but it is important to remember that the turnover is considered as a whole.
The syntactic role of the pronoun
The role of a pronoun directly depends on what category it belongs to. Since the variety of pronouns gives them ample opportunities, they can act as a subject, predicate, definition and complement - depending on the context.
The syntactic role of the numeral
Numerals in a sentence can be both subject and predicate, and the definition or circumstance of time. As you can see, nothing complicated.