The Moscow region is one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation belonging to the Central Federal District. The administrative center is unofficially considered the city of Moscow. The region is located in the center of the European territory of Russia, on the East European Plain, in the Volga River Basin.
The area of the region is 44329 km 2 . This is the 55th place in the Russian Federation. And what is the territory of the Moscow region? The size of the territory is moderate. From south to north it is 310 km, and from west to east - 340 km.
The date of the region’s formation is January 14, 1929. This region includes 16 districts, 44 cities and two urban-type settlements. The maintenance of the territory of the Moscow region is quite diverse and is associated with a high level of urbanization and development while preserving many natural landscapes.
Nature
The region is located mainly on the plain. In the western part it is hilly, elevated, and in the eastern - flat, low.
The climate is temperate continental, with well-defined seasons of the year, including transitional ones. Summer is warm and winter is moderately cold. In the east, winters are colder and summers are hotter. The average annual rainfall is 713 mm.
The river network belongs to the Volga river basin.
Vegetation is represented by forests and meadows. Coniferous spruce forests predominate in the north, and coniferous-deciduous, deciduous to the south.
Ecology
The environmental situation is mostly unfavorable. The most polluted areas near Moscow and industrial zones in the east and southeast of the region. There is a big problem with the disposal of municipal solid waste, of which a huge amount is generated in this region.
Population and economics
The number of residents of the Moscow region is 7 million 503 thousand 385 people. The population density is 169 people / km 2 . The population is constantly increasing. However, mortality still exceeds fertility, and growth is achieved by migrants.
The economy of the Moscow region is well developed. She is the third largest among the subjects of the Russian Federation. The main role in the economic activity of this region is played by industrial production.
Industry
By the share of industrial production, the Moscow region is in second place in Russia after Moscow. Dozens of enterprises of federal significance function. Basically, the industry of the region uses imported raw materials. A high proportion of high-tech industries. Highly qualified specialists are involved in the work.
Administrative division
This division is required to provide management functions and is regulated by a special law of the Moscow Region. To optimize local government, a municipal structure is used. Territories of municipalities of the Moscow region have local urban rather than regional (as opposed to districts) subordination. Small size is typical for them.
The region is also divided into larger administrative-territorial units - the districts of the Moscow region. As part of each district, rural and urban settlements are distinguished. There are also city districts and cities of regional subordination, as well as closed administrative-territorial entities.
The sizes of the districts of the Moscow region are extremely diverse. In general, the system of administrative-territorial division in the region is quite complex and differs from that in other regions of the Russian Federation, for example, in the Krasnodar Territory or in the Rostov Region, which are divided into approximately equal in size districts, managed by the heads of administrations of the respective regions.
The total number of districts of the Moscow Region is 51. The presence of a separate entity, the city of Moscow, complicates the picture of the administrative-territorial division of the Moscow Region. Its borders are rather chaotic; there are separate island territories, also subordinate to Moscow. The Moscow city district cuts the region almost in half, leaving only a wide northeast jumper. Such a chaotic division can hardly be considered appropriate. Rather, it is the result of spontaneous transformations and insufficiently thought-out decisions.
Thus, the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region has a complex, confusing and not entirely rational zoning. And this is different from many other regions of the Russian Federation.
Protected areas of the Moscow region
Some parts of the region are under protection. So, in the Serpukhov district there is the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve. Bison and communities of the northernmost steppe formations of the European part of the country are guarding there. Another important protected object is the Zavidovo National Park, part of which already belongs to the Tver Region. Other protected objects are: Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, a natural monument with the name "Lake Kievo", Yablokov Arboretum.
In total, there are more than 200 specially protected natural territories in the region. Since 1998, a regional Red Book has been issued to improve the quality of nature conservation.
Municipal districts of the Moscow region
In total, there are 36 municipal districts in the Moscow Region:
- Volokolamsk with a center in the city of Volokolamsk (index 143600).
- Resurrection center in the city of Voskresensk (index 140200).
- Dmitrovsky with a center in the city of Dmitrov (index 141800).
- Zaraysky with the center in the city of Zaraysk (index 140600).
- Egorievsky with a center in the city of Yegoryevsk (index 140300).
- Istra with a center in the city of Istra (index 143500).
- Klinsky with the center in the city of Klin (index 141600).
- Kashirsky with the center in the city of Kashira (index 142903).
- Krasnogorsk with a center in the city of Krasnogorsk (index 143404).
- Kolomensky with a center in the city of Kolomna (index 140407).
- Leninsky with the center in the city of Vidnoe of the Leninsky district (index 142700).
- Lukhovitsky with a center in the city of Lukhovitsy (index 140501).
- Lotoshinsky with its center in the city of Lotoshino, Lotoshinsky district (index 143800).
- Lyubertsy with its center in the city of Lyubertsy (index 140,000).
- Mytishchi with the center in the city of Mytishchi (index 141008).
- Mozhaisk with a center in the city of Mozhaisk (index 143200).
- Naro-Fominsk with the center in the city of Naro-Fominsk (index 143300).
- Ozersky with the center in the city of Ozyory (index 140560).
- Odintsovo with the center in the city of Odintsovo (index 143000).
- Noginsk with the center in the city of Noginsk (index 142400).
- Podolsky with a center in the city of Podolsk (index 142100).
- Orekhovo-Zuevsky with the center in the city of Orekhovo-Zuevo (index 142600).
- Pavlovo-Posadsky with a center in the city of Pavlovsky Posad (index 142500).
- Pushkinsky with the center in the city of Pushkino (index 141207).
- Ramensky with the center in the city of Ramenskoye (index 140100).
- Sergiev Posad with a center in the city of Sergiev Posad (index 141300).
- Ruza with its center in the city of Ruza (index 143100).
- Solnechnogorsk with its center in the city of Solnechnogorsk (index 141500).
- Serpukhov with the center in the city of Serpukhov (index 142203).
- Serebryano-Prudsky with the center in the city of Serebryanye Prudy, Serebryano-Prudsky district (index 142970)
- Stupinsky with the center in the city of Stupino (index 142800).
- Taldomsky with the center in the city of Taldom (index 141900).
- Shatursky with the center in the city of Shatura (index 140700).
- Chekhovsky with its center in the city of Chekhov (index 142300).
- Shakhovsky with the center in the city of Shakhovskaya, Shakhovsky district (index 143700).
- Shchelkovo with the center in the city of Shchelkovo (index 141100).
Landscaping of the Moscow region
The work on the improvement of the territory is oriented, first of all, to improving the condition of the yards of multi-storey buildings. To do this, there is a special law "On improvement in the Moscow region." In its implementation, methodological recommendations are used for organizing comprehensive improvement of domestic territories. The administration of the corresponding urban settlement is engaged in this.
Yard territory is understood as directly adjacent to apartment buildings and in common use land. It may include a playground, parking, a place for storing garbage, a green area, lights, posters and other public facilities.
Under the comprehensive improvement of the territory refers to bringing into a normative state all the components of the territory described above.
Measures to ensure all these attributes and maintain them in good condition are held annually. The biggest complaints are caused by the insufficient level of coverage of the territories and the dilapidation of children's playgrounds. There are also considerable problems with the condition of the pavement of internal and external roads.
Active work on comprehensive landscaping was carried out in 2016. They included asphalting roads and paths, overhaul of playgrounds, installation of additional game elements on them, repair of fences, installation of information stands.
Environmental improvement
As part of the general improvement of the territory of the Moscow Region, much attention should be paid to environmental measures. For example, such as cleaning territories from debris, cleaning ponds, improving the condition of the roadway, landscaping residential complexes and public areas, repairing playgrounds, repairing dilapidated and emergency housing, and so on.
The obligation of such events is dictated by considerations of the quality of life and safety of the population. So, according to the studies of European scientists, the accumulation of plastic household garbage in inappropriate places (landfills, ponds, etc.) and the abrasion of automobile tires by the road surface leads to increasing pollution of all media with microscopic particles and fibers of artificial polymers. And if you continue to turn a blind eye to it, then in the future there will be so many that the health of a huge number of the world's inhabitants will be jeopardized.