What questions does the pronoun answer? Pronoun Questions

The pronoun is a part of the Russian language speech, which takes a lot of time in the school curriculum. And this is understandable, because this topic is quite extensive, and the replacement of names is not the only function of the pronoun. And on this occasion, as far back as the nineteenth century G. Pavsky said: "The pronoun does not replace the name, but only hints and points to it."

At the moment, in Russian, the opinions of scientists about the independence of this subject of the Russian language are divided. Some consider it to be full and independent, while others distribute it, referring to other parts of speech.

And although the question remains controversial, in school the theme “Pronoun” reveals to children the independent part of speech, which only corresponds to some signs of nouns, numerals and adjectives.

Definition

At school, students are introduced to this component of the Russian language, giving it the following definition: "The pronoun is an independent part of speech that can be used instead of the noun, adjective, adverb and numeral, determines the characteristics of the subject, indicates an object or phenomenon, varies by case and gender "In other words, it indicates an item, but does not name it. In a sentence it can act as any member."

For instance:

• I (subject) want to dance.
• This is it (predicate).
• Nikita is my (definition) son.
• The teacher called him (addition) to the blackboard.
• How long (the word "what" in the circumstances) will all this continue?

So, first you need to figure out what questions the pronoun answers. The answer to this question is quite simple: what part of the speech replaces those questions and answers.

Substitution of nouns

Nouns pronouns answer the questions of the noun.

They also have a gender corresponding to the subject they are pointing to. Moreover, this object can be both animate and inanimate, have a singular or plural. In addition, such pronouns whose questions "Who?" and “what?” may vary depending on which case is used in the sentence. And if there is an indication of an object without its definition, then it answers the questions "who?", "What?" The following replacement words are used in oral statements and in letters: "you," "you," "he," "she," "they," "someone," "something," "someone," or "something." .

Replacement of adjectives

Adjective pronouns answer the questions of the indicated part of speech, adopting all the grammatical signs from it. As a rule, in a sentence, when describing a phenomenon or object, such substitute words are used: "sort of", "someone's", "most", "nobody's", "yours", "mine".

For example: "My (whose?) Flowers."

As well as pronouns with signs of a noun, adjective pronouns can vary by gender, cases and numbers and describe animate and inanimate objects and all kinds of phenomena.

Numeral Replacement

Quite often in pronouns, pronouns replace the numerals. In this case, this part of the speech answers the question “how much?” and indicates an indefinite number: "many", "few", "several."

For example: "Many (how many?) Daisies and several (how many?) Roses."

Such pronouns also change in cases, which in turn increases the list of questions to which it can answer.

Personal pronoun

The first acquaintance of children with this part of speech occurs approximately in the second class, where a separate topic is assigned for parts of speech, and a Russian language lesson is taught on it. The pronoun, as a rule, is represented to children by the word “I”, and in the learning process, the list is added.

Since the pronouns do not form a single group according to the grammatical characteristics, they are divided into several categories with respect to the syntactic role and meaning. One of these are personal or, as they are also called, indicative, these are:

• 1st person - "I", "we";
• 2nd person - “you”, “you”;
• 3rd person - “she,” “they,” “he,” “it.”

It is on these pronouns that the first acquaintance ends, and students learn about other categories in high school.

Such pronouns as "I" and "you" have neither a grammatical gender nor a plural, and "we" and "you" are used in the meaning "I and someone else" or "you and someone else" . To determine the genus, one should consider who exactly the author of the statement points to.

In the past, quite often the word "we" was used in relation to one person to make the speech solemn, now it is used for irony. But the word "you" still exists as a form of politeness.

3rd person pronouns are often personally indicative, and therefore have a gender category.

Reflexive pronoun

Grade 4 of the school curriculum of the Russian language provides for acquaintance of children with such a category of pronouns as reflexive, or complementary, pronouns. They have neither gender, nor number, nor form of nominative case. However, such a pronoun in the type of the word "you" is inclined and is used in the sentence as a supplement exclusively in indirect cases. To determine what questions the pronoun of this category answers, you need to understand its case.

Possessive pronoun

This group, as well as personal pronouns, is divided into three persons. So, the words “mine”, “ours” refer to the first, “yours”, “yours” to the second, and the third person is defined by the word “yours”. The morphological characteristics of this group are that they can have both gender and number. They are also inclined according to the cases: “mine”, “your” and “your” are inclined similarly to the adjective “blue”, and “ours”, “your” - according to the type of the word “senior”.

In the plural accusative, such pronouns, as a rule, have two forms. For animated nouns they use the words: “mine”, “yours”, “yours”, “ours”, “theirs”; and for the inanimate, “yours,” “mine,” “ours,” “yours,” “yours.”

For example: "She saw her relatives. He found his books."

Indicative pronoun

Grade 4 of the school curriculum involves acquaintance of children with this group of pronouns: “that,” “this,” “such,” “such,” “so much,” “this,” “kind of,” “that.” All these words are used to indicate some object, its sign or quantity from among the homogeneous descriptions. Many of them can make an exclamation in the statement. For example: "You are such a cunning!"

Considering the indicative pronouns “that” and “this”, it is easy to determine which one indicates a closer and more distant object or event. Regarding morphological features, these words can be used in different generic forms and numbers.

The pronouns “such” or “such” are most often used to indicate the already mentioned object, its sign or action. These words also have forms of gender and number, and a change in cases is made according to the type of the word "Tver".

Interrogative, negative and indefinite pronouns

The questions of such pronouns have many variations, and the pronouns themselves in the sentence act as interrogative and relative words: “who”, “what”, “which”, “what”, “how many”, “whose”. For example: "Who's knocking there? What do you want?"

The morphological features of the pronouns “who” and “what” are that they have neither gender nor number. "Who" in this case is used in relation to an animate object, and "what" - inanimate. The declension of the word “who” is produced by the type of the words “this” and “this”, and the “what” is produced by the type of the word “all”. Based on the change in cases, you can understand what questions the pronoun answers.

From this group of pronouns, using the prefix "ne-", which is written together, the prefix "something", the particles "something", "either", "something", which are written through a hyphen, another series of words are formed that relate to an indefinite category. These are such pronouns as "someone", "something", "something", "someone", "something", "some", "someone", "some" and others similar combinations. Some of them may indicate animation, others are in the form of gender and number. The pronoun "someone" always stands only in the nominative case and is not inclined.

From the group of interrogative-relative pronouns with the help of particles “neither” and “not” another group is formed, it is called negative. What questions does the pronoun of this rank have? The answer should already be clear: the question depends on the case. But spelling is worth paying special attention to. So, if the negative particle of the pronoun is not shared with it by the preposition, then the word is written together. For example: "There is nobody to blame. Nobody came. There was nothing to do."

Moreover, not only the meaning of the word, but also the particle that needs to be used depends on the emphasis in these pronouns.

If the negative particle is separated by an excuse, then it is written separately: "for no one", "not with anyone" and so on.

Definitive pronouns

Based on the foregoing, it is not difficult to guess what questions the pronoun of a definitive nature answers. These are all the same case questions. The features of the declension of such pronouns as "self", "most", "all", "everyone", "everyone" and "other" are only in the difference in the endings in the accusative case with respect to animate and inanimate objects.