The companies use different types of organizational structures, the choice of which will depend on the goals, objectives and functional purpose. Currently, several optimal types have been developed. Let us consider in more detail the linear, linear-staff, functional, linear-functional, matrix type of organizational structure and others.
There are frequent situations when separate divisions (departmentalization) stand out within a large company if its strategic plans require it. In this case, the structure becomes divisional (hierarchical), which:
- regulates the division of goals and objectives into departments and divisions (for sales, production, supply, and so on);
- determines their competence in solving specific problems;
- emphasizes the presence of a common interaction of all elements of the general system;
- able to “offload” a higher manager through delegation of authority.
Its disadvantages are:
- high costs for managerial staff;
- complexity in information communications.
The linear types of organizational structures are characterized by the presence of the following relationship: the highest chief-head of the executing unit. Such companies have exclusively vertical relations, and they are distinguished only on the basis of the functions performed.
Disadvantage:
- the presence of high requirements for the leader and his constant load.
As a result of the growth of enterprises, they are usually transformed into linear-staff types of organizational structures that are similar to the previous one, but only management is concentrated at headquarters. As a result, a group of employees is formed who cannot directly give orders to performers. But they must carry out consultations and prepare management decisions.
Disadvantage:
- expenses for the maintenance of the staff of the headquarters increase, in the case of poor performance of which they are useless.
As a result of further complication of production, it may be necessary to have specialized workers, workshops, sections, and more. Functional types of organizational structures of the enterprise are gradually being formed . Work is distributed by function, and the company is divided into elements that have specific tasks. Gradually, such a vertical arises: head-functional and sectional managers (finance, marketing, production) -other employees.
Disadvantages:
- lack of flexibility and coordination among functional departments and units;
- the presence of low speed in decision making;
- the lack of responsibility of the functional directors for the final result of the enterprise.
There are also linear-functional types of organizational structures. This is a very complex system. In such companies, the main management is linear, but without a functional one it will not be able to work normally and cope with the goals and objectives.
In the event that there is a need to accelerate the updating of products, then matrix types of organizational structures appear. Their essence is as follows. In the current structure, working (temporary) groups are formed when workers and resources of the other (s) unit (s) are transferred to their managers. As a result, design departments are formed that implement targeted programs and projects. They are in dual subordination and have a flexible distribution of personnel, the effective implementation of goals.
Among the main disadvantages are:
- complexity in structure;
- frequent conflicts.
These are the most common types of organizational structures.