In Russian, there are two types of word relationships. In one case, words in phrases or complex sentences are grammatically equal. This is a composing connection.
In some situations, one word may depend on another, and the subordinate part of the sentence may obey another, main one. This is a subordinate connection.
What are the features of subordination?
In different words and phrases involved its different types. The types of subordinate connection in many respects depend on what parts of speech the components of phrases are expressed.
Matching. With this variety, the dependent word is completely likened to the main one in gender, case, number. (Blue Lagoon, walking excavator, to our team).
Most often, dependent words during coordination are:
- adjectives
- participles (both real and passive),
- some pronouns possessive, indicative, definitive, negative),
- ordinals.
The main word should be a noun or any other part of speech that acts in its role. For example: dear present, the first astronaut, patients recovering , written works. Types of subordination in phrases are not limited only to coordination.
Control. The dependent word should stand at the main in the form that the lexical and grammatical meaning of the main requires. In simpler terms, the dependent word should stand at the forefront in a particular gender, case or number. (I recall the past, put it on the table, stand at the table, etc.). The dependent words in this case may be:
- nouns (or other words in their role): look at the people sitting, sing a song;
- pronouns: angry at him;
- some numerals: angry with both.
The exact sign of control is the presence of a preposition in the phrase.
Adjacency. In this case, the main and dependent word is connected not by the grammatical form, but exclusively by the lexical meaning. Only invariable parts of speech can adjoin:
- adverb: run fast;
- infinitive: must scatter;
- Communion: walking, singing;
- adjective, standing in a simple comparative degree: older boys;
- immutable adjectives: khaki.
It is not difficult to figure out what types of subordinate relationships take place in a particular phrase if you act with the help of such a simplified hint.
- If gender, case and number are the same - agreement.
- If there is an immutable word - adjunction.
- If there is neither one nor the other - management.
In a complex sentence, the types of subordination are also divided into groups:
- Allied submission. I want it to be warm tomorrow. Communication is expressed through union.
- Relative submission. The day came when the chicks flew out of the nest. Submission is done using allied words. It should be noted that these types of subordinate relationships are very similar.
- Indirectly interrogative submission. I don’t understand what it was. The main and subordinate parts are connected by adverbs, pronouns (relative and interrogative).
- Submission is sequential or inclusion. I know that I will find a job that will help me become richer. The adverbial clings sequentially, one after another.
- Submission is mutual. I did not have time to enter when I was captured by a maelstrom of events. Such a relationship is expressed lexico-semantically, and both parts are interdependent.
- · Subordination parallel or subordination. When I approached the window, Marina turned her head to look at me better. The subordinate clauses obey one word in the main or the whole main.