Features of personal pronouns in the indirect case of the Russian language

This article provides information about pronouns, their main types, declension and spelling rules are indicated, personal pronouns in indirect cases are considered separately.

A pronoun is a part of the speech of the Russian language that indicates objects, signs or faces, but does not name them. As a rule, it is used instead of nouns, adjectives, numerals and is that part of the speech that helps the speaker better and without unnecessary repetitions of the same word to deliver the speech to the listener.

What types of pronouns in Russian exist?

This independent part of speech is divided into several categories according to meaning and grammatical features:

• personal pronouns are called persons involved in speech (I, you, he);
• interrogative questions are usually used in interrogative sentences (who, what?);
• possessive indicate a sign of an object by relativity (mine, yours);
• returnable means that the action that is performed by someone is directed at the acting object (itself);
• relative - the same as interrogative, but are used in subordinate clauses as union words (who, to whom);
• negative pronouns are called missing objects or signs (nobody, nobody);
• the definitive parts of speech are a method of clarifying the subject that is being spoken of (everywhere, everywhere);
• indefinite call indefinite objects, signs, etc. (someone, here and there);
• pointing signs serve as a means of pointing to a certain kind of objects or signs (one, this one).

Morphological characteristics of personal pronouns

This type of independent part of speech does not change by gender, but from the context you can determine who we are talking about: you wrote - you wrote.

This part of speech varies in cases. The table shows that personal pronouns vary in persons and numbers. They in sentences, as a rule, fulfill the role of subject or addition. The main feature in declension is suppletivism, that is, not only the ending, but the whole word changes.

How are pronouns inclined in Russian?

With a change in the cases of these parts of speech, the whole basis changes.

R.p. me, us, you, you, him, her, them.

D.p. me, us, you, you, him, her, them.

V.p. me, us, you, you, him, her, them.

T.p. me, us, you, you, them, her (s), them.

P.p. about me, about us, about you, about you, about him, about her, about them.

When comparing with the table of personal pronouns, the following conclusions can be drawn:

• part of the speech of the first and second person is not genus;
• third-person pronouns in declination lose their initial consonant (she - by her).

How to pronounce pronouns?

Personal pronouns can be inflected. Their characteristic feature is that if they stand after prepositions, the letter n is added in front of them (around it, behind it, with them).

The letter N will not be after derivative prepositions (contrary to, like) that control the dative case: like it. Examples of personal pronouns in indirect cases: like her, thanks to him.

Also, the letter n does not join the part of speech after the adjectives in a comparative degree (she left after them).

Characteristics of personal pronouns in the indirect case

There are only five indirect cases. This is all but the nominative. Features of the spelling of pronouns when changing cases have been considered above. As you know, this part of speech is often used to avoid tautology.

Here are examples of sentences with personal pronouns in indirect cases:

1. The whole world spoke about me, because I wrote a famous novel.
2. There were always three of us brothers: the eldest, the youngest and Vovka.
3. “You were gone exactly two hours, where were you?” - asked my wife.
4. - We are very glad to see you! - exclaimed the students.
5. Masha recalled him several times a day.
6. It was impossible to forget her: a beautiful voice and a magnificent camp drove everyone crazy.
7. The whole country is proud of them! After all, they are veterans!
8. They were given many tasks in mathematics, they must certainly fulfill them.
9. - Let me see you home! - said a passerby passing a girl.
10. There were a lot of people in front of us, so we decided to come here another time.

From the considered examples of personal pronouns in indirect cases, it can be seen that they are sometimes found in the sentence not once, but several. This aspect does not worsen the state of the text as a whole.

Personal pronouns in the indirect case in Russian and English

In both languages, these parts of speech are inclined. As in Russian, in English there are two types of declension: nominative and indirect. In the second, there is an important point: the pronouns "you" and "you" sound and are written exactly the same - you. Translation depends on the context. Otherwise, there are no distinctive features. So, I - I, you - you, you, he - he, she - she, it - it, we - we, they - they.

Unlike the Russian language, in English there are only two cases, not five. Therefore, all pronouns in foreigners have one form.

In sentences, personal pronouns in the indirect cases of the Russian language, as well as a foreign one, are often used and can be used in several forms. For instance:

• She sees them. - She sees them.
• Give us that pens. - Give us those pens.
• Tell her. - Tell her.
• He gives her a map. - He gives her a card.

When comparing the two types of declination in English, one can also see suppletivism. It can be seen from the table above that only two forms of pronouns - you and it - coincide.

Thus, the non-significant part of speech is in both Russian and English. A distinctive feature of personal pronouns in indirect cases is suppletivism, that is, a complete change of base and a decrease in the number of declensions.