The identity of the criminal is a very specific concept used within the framework of criminology, which allows describing the character traits, personal and social characteristics of a person who is prone to commit various legal and administrative violations.
The structure of the personality of the offender is composed of a number of signs that influence in the aggregate on the commission of illegal actions. Substructures include:
1. Biophysiological features that make up the personality of a criminal are features of his physiological constitution, nervous system, current state of health, etc. This factor is investigated due to the fact that personality traits are often determined genetically. Hereditary traits also affect the specifics of an individual's upbringing, his interaction with the environment, and a number of other indicators.
2. Socio-demographic characteristics. They include indicators such as age, gender, social and marital status, level of education, occupation, national characteristics and other characteristics. The data possessed by forensic science indicate that, for example, the majority of criminals behind whose shoulders inflicting grievous bodily harm are men, while women more often resort to committing violations on a mercenary basis. The level of education affects the type of crime: economic and financial violations are most often committed by people with higher education, while theft, hooliganism, vandalism, robbery and the like by individuals whose level of education is much lower.
3. The moral and psychological characteristics that determine the identity of the criminal in criminology include the particularities of the person’s worldview, values, beliefs, and life orientation.
The worldview position both determines the purposefulness and perseverance of the individual in achieving what was planned, and in general affects the totality of habits and the system of human views. It is believed that an individual becomes a person only when a system of values and his own attitude to public order is formed, as well as the ability to take responsibility for his decisions and actions on himself.
In the context of this paragraph, it is especially necessary to study such characteristics as the prevailing (or, conversely, unformed) attitude to various values, both moral and social, accepted in this society. It is, first of all, about the attitude to the family, work, development, social communication , etc. In addition, it is necessary to assess and classify the significance of social claims and needs (socially useful / harmful, justified / unjustified), followed by a study of the nature and method of meeting goals (legal, legal, illegal, socially (without) dangerous).
4. Finally, the final characteristics that reveal the concept of the personality of the criminal are his intellectual, emotional and volitional properties.
The first include life experience, the narrowness and breadth of knowledge, interests, aspirations, the amount of knowledge, the level of intellectual development, and the like.
Under the emotional characteristics of the person refers to the balance, mobility and strength of the nervous processes and emotional excitability, the principles associated with the response to changes external or internal.
Finally, strong-willed properties are the ability to make and implement decisions aimed at achieving a goal, regulating activities within the framework of a decision, persistence and a clear focus on actions, accompanied by a certain flexibility.
The identity of the offender, considered in the context of the paragraphs described, is distinguished by selfish motives, a neglect of life, the health of another person, material wealth, an antisocial attitude to accepted norms and rules of behavior, and an irresponsible attitude to duties.