The market is a set of all transactions, acts of sale of services and products. The processes carried out on it occur in accordance with the laws of circulation and commodity production. The market is a mechanism whose main components are sellers and buyers.
Markets are classified according to several parameters. Consider the main ones.
1. According to the signs:
- measures of state regulation;
- the degree of monopolization;
- legality;
- the degree of scale of the exchange processes;
- types of services and products sold;
- territorial affiliation.
2. Classification of markets by type of competition :
- non-monopolized;
- highly competitive;
- oligopolistic;
- pure monopoly ;
- duopolistic;
- monopolistic competition.
3. By type of goods sold:
- commodities and services;
- real estate, buildings, living spaces;
- means of production and land;
- investments;
- money, securities;
- jobs, labor;
- innovation;
- spiritual and intellectual product.
4. Classification of markets on a territorial basis:
- regional;
- national;
- local;
- world.
5. According to the functional basis:
- unorganized market;
- wholesale.
6. Classification of markets for goods:
- deficient or non-deficient;
- imported or national.
7. In the modern market economy, it has become relevant to subdivide markets according to the rule of law :
- legal (official);
- illegal (shadow);
- the black.
8. On the objects of exchange distinguish:
- financial;
- markets for production factors;
- markets for services and goods.
9. By degree of saturation:
- equilibrium markets - the level of supply and demand are approximately at the same level;
- scarce - people are ready to buy a larger volume of goods than suppliers give for sale.
- excess - goods are presented in large quantities on the markets, but buyers cannot purchase them under the influence of various factors.
In the modern economy, certain market laws have formed. Consider the main ones.
1. The law of probability. The price is not a constant, in a certain period of time it will begin to rise or fall.
2. The law of chance. None of the sellers know what will happen next. Therefore, you always need to be prepared for the unexpected, and adjust your calculations taking into account possible accidents.
3. The law of meanness. Market conditions are constantly changing. And even when you are confident in the transaction and have received an absolute guarantee, do not forget about possible changes to the rules of the “game”. Get ready for any surprises and make sure.
4. The law of optimism. Many people tend to exaggerate their capabilities and chances when it is necessary to soberly assess the situation. Do not make deals at the first prices offered to you. If you buy products, then try to reduce the cost of the party. Find a deal with the seller that is beneficial to both.
5. The law of time. Its wording is approximately the following: the longer you are outside the market, the greater your desire to make a deal. In this case, getting to the market, you are ready to conclude contracts on any conditions. Be patient, consider all possible options for cooperation with partners.
6. The law of cause-effect. Any movement is associated with any specific desires of market entities. You do not need to make any transactions if you do not know what is the root cause for signing a contract. Consider the situation from your perspective and from the perspective of a partner.
Market development is ongoing. Each participant in transactions should be well versed in the situation, laws and other important aspects of the economy. Otherwise, he may suffer significant losses associated with his actions or attacks of competitors in the market.