Everyone speaks the same language, but uses it differently. Depending on what needs to be expressed, what is at stake, that is, depending on the purpose of communication, it changes. It turns out that each of us uses not one, but as if several different languages. The construction of our speech is due to the current situation of communication. There may be an infinite number of them, but they usually consider typical communication situations that are studied by the science of speech styles - stylistics. She identifies five basic functional styles: conversational, formal business, journalistic, scientific, and artistic. Each of them has its own characteristic features, which are manifested in the content of statements, as well as in language design.
So, the conversational style of speech is used in conversation between individuals, usually familiar people, in a relaxed, informal atmosphere and most often in oral form. The purpose of speech is communication. Ease and vagueness are features of this style.
Linguistic features of the conversational style of speech :
- Easy, colloquial words: minibus (minibus), bros and others.
- Words are emotionally evaluative: a diminutive suffix is typical: bunny, little white, sweet; or a suffix of incomplete quality (-evat-, -ovat-): broad, bluish, etc.
- Verbs of a perfect form, having a prefix for - and indicating the beginning of an action (burst into tears instead of crying).
- Communion and participles are extremely rare.
- Interjections in verb form (skok, bach) are widely used.
- Highly varied word order in a sentence.
- It is typical to use standard phrases. For example: "Hello! Well, you and the bug!"
- Sentences may be different for the purpose of utterance: incentive and interrogative are often used.
- The use of words with different stylistic coloring is characteristic, which creates an ironic effect.
- The use of exclamation sentences.
- Used appeals, as well as direct speech.
Also, the colloquial style of speech is characterized by everyday, unpretentious topics, low content of speech, the use of not only concepts, but rather representations in the text. Frequent use of pronouns is natural for him, for example: "We didn’t want to say anything like that," "He is so sad," "Do it, do it!" In addition, “omnipresent” words are used, as well as words used in figurative meanings, for example: “A good thing is youth”, “Take paper to court”.
The conversational style of speech is also distinguished by the fact that it is based on dialogue - a chain of replicas. In direct (oral) communication, facial expressions, intonation, gestures and other additional ways of transmitting information are of great importance . The law of economy of speech means comes into force - hence the abundance of incomplete sentences. When using the colloquial style in writing, all its features and characteristics are preserved.
The conversational style of speech (in the form of oral dialogical speech) is the only one among all functional styles with which a person communicates from childhood, which he uses, starting from preschool age. This is the only functional style that does not need to be taught.
Examples of conversational style of speech:
- Today it's warm? - Mom asked, getting ready for work.
- No, not really. Wear a raincoat - it looks like it will rain. Suddenly get wet!
- Thanks for work!
"Hello, Zheka! Igor writes to you. You said that you would send us postcards. I said that you would send me a card first, and Sevka said that you would send him a card to the first, and I would send the second. You sent a card to me the first, and to him - the second. Let him not ask. I am waiting for an answer, your best friend, Igor. "