Many representatives of the flora of our planet benefit a person. Some are used as medicines in folk or official medicine, cosmetology, while others are used in food production and agriculture. It is difficult to limit the scope of use.
In the Orenburg region of medicinal plants about 150 species. They are used as effective therapeutic or prophylactic agents in the medical, folk and veterinary fields.
The most common plant species in the Orenburg region is honey plants. Such representatives of the flora more than 30% of all herbs and shrubs. Below are medicinal plants of the Orenburg region with names and descriptions.
Coltsfoot (king-potion, wound)
One of the medicinal plants of the Orenburg region (pictured). Honey plant, perennial, grows in the form of grass. Saturated flowers from saturated to pale yellow with a pronounced smell of honey. Roots scatter sprouts with red scales that cling to the ground, produce multiple leaves of two types: the upper ones are cool, dark green, the lower ones are white, soft, velvety.
Leaves, flowers and roots are used as an expectorant, disinfectant, diaphoretic, astringent. Parts of the plant are dried or taken fresh.
The king-potion has vitamins (C, groups B, PP), glycosides and phytosterols. Forms of use - drink, powders, mustard plasters, compresses. Assign with cough, inflammation of the respiratory tract and digestive tract. With purulent abscesses, compresses from coltsfoot are applied.
Chicory (yellowberry, scherbach)
In ancient times, they talked about chicory as a witching grass. It was believed that taking with him a sprout of gall, the warrior defended himself from death. Chicory is a herbaceous perennial. The stalk is tall, thin and hard, symmetrically covered with flowers from blue to purple.
In the food industry and drugstores, you can purchase a powder of the same name. They make a drink that tastes like coffee. But unlike the latter, chicory has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, eliminates insomnia, and boosts immunity.
With problems with digestion, the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys, the scrubbard allows non-aggressive cleaning of internal organs.
Honey species
They contain a high percentage of nutrients. With their systematic preventive use, the immune system is strengthened. Traditional and official medicine recommends using raspberries, yellow and white clover, willow, linden, mouse peas (leaves, branches, fruits) for this purpose.
About one hundred species of fruit and berry representatives of the flora grow within the Orenburg area, up to 30% of them are considered medicinal.
Blackberry (burn)
Medicinal plant of the Orenburg region. According to the description, it represents a shrub with thorns and dark purple drupes. With age, the stems become very stiff, the plant has developed branched roots. Blackberry leaves grow from one point for 4-5 pieces, in the center - a thorn.
The species is valuable to humans not only as a medicine actively used in folk preventive practice, but also as a plant with high taste properties (sweet and sour). It is found in nature in wild and cultured form. For treatment, branches, leaves and fruits are used.
It contains tannins and vitamins (high concentration of C, E, PP), therefore, all the elements of the blackberry have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, astringent, healing effects. In folk medicine, the drug is used as a natural immunomodulator.
Strawberries
This fruit plant grows in height up to 20 cm, has short brown roots. The stem is covered with numerous soft leaves, grassy hairs. The fruit is called a berry, but in fact - an overgrown saturated red receptacle. This wild flora representative has been cultivated and modified. In the natural environment it is found in forests and glades in the form of thickets intertwined with each other.
Strawberries contain useful substances (essential lubricant, magnesium, iron, phosphorus) and vitamins (groups B, C).
For treatment and prevention at home, strawberry fruits, dried or fresh, are used. The plant normalizes digestion, restores the intestines, urinary system, and kidneys. It has general strengthening properties, therefore it is prescribed for low hemoglobin.
In medical practice, leaves are less commonly used. This is an alternative to eliminating uterine bleeding, treating asthma, and reducing blood pressure. If you have these health problems, you need to consult a doctor.
Steppe Cherry
They call it a stunted perennial shrub, reaches a height of 2.5 m, sometimes 3 m. The branches become stiff by the second year of life. Cherry leaves have an elongated-oval shape, corrugated, dark green. The fruits are richly burgundy, inside the stone, the size is up to 1 cm in diameter. It is an abundantly fruiting plant, wild-growing and cultivated.
The healing properties of cherries are due to the presence of vitamins B1-B9, C, useful sugars, copper, iodine, sodium in the fruits, branches, leaves.
This representative of the flora is used to maintain immunity, therefore, when symptoms of a cold appear, they recommend eating cherry berries. The tool helps with diseases of the lungs, kidneys. With poor blood coagulation, traditional medicine advises drinking fruit juice, the effect of coumarin helps to avoid complications of atherosclerosis. Eating cherries regularly reduces the risk of gout.
A decoction from the branches helps to cope with diarrhea, chronic intestinal problems, relieves swelling. Alternative medicine suggests using shrub leaves to treat all types of jaundice.
Bean family
Presented in the Orenburg region with both medicinal and decorative flowers and herbs. The first include licorice, alfalfa, penny.
Licorice (licorice, licorice)
Wild perennial plant, the use of which is recorded in Sumerian monuments. In antiquity it was used as a means that can give longevity.
It reaches a height of 2 m. Licorice has a developed vertical root system, complex paired leaves (about 7 pairs), arranged alternately.
The shape of the leaves is elongated-oval. The back is sticky. Peduncles of licorice are long, with dim purple flowers. Fruits in brown beans, the size of which is about 2.5 cm, they have 5-6 seeds. Ripening occurs in early September.
The healing properties of licorice are due to the presence of gritsicirizin and saponins. It acts on the secrets and ciliated epithelium of the bronchi and trachea, providing an expectorant effect. Therefore, licorice-based medications are prescribed in the treatment of cough, especially in children and the elderly. Licorice is also used as an antispasmodic in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system.
Licorice contains substances similar to steroids. This explains the anti-inflammatory effect of the use of the plant. In addition, licorice lowers cholesterol, dissolves its plaque in the vessels.
It is used to treat ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, acute conditions that occur in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Prescribe additionally for problems with the adrenal glands.
You can not use the plant during pregnancy and lactation, in the presence of hypertension, myocarditis, cirrhosis.
Naked licorice does not belong to endangered species, but needs protection and cultivation.
Grassy
In the Orenburg region there are few forests, so there are more herbaceous plants. These are thickets of valerian, Hypericum perforatum, Tatar motherwort, angelica, dioica nettle, aconite, celandine, mint.
Valerian officinalis (cat root)
From Latin, the name translates to "be healthy." In nature, there is a biennial or perennial. Valerian has a thin multi-branched root, a stalk with furrows, up to 1.5 m high.
The leaves of the plant are elongated with teeth. Pinkish, purple small flowers are collected in inflorescences of 7-10 pieces. The species needs cultivation, grows in meadows, in river valleys, in the mountains.
The feline root contains tannins and essential oils, therefore it is used to treat the digestive system, cardiovascular abnormalities, and nervous disorders.
Red Book Plants
Medicinal representatives of the flora, which are threatened with extinction, are listed in the Red Book.
In the Orenburg region, more than 50 varieties are called rare. Of these, medicinal plants of the Red Book of the Orenburg Region are called hawthorn dubious, Cossack juniper, Sukachev larch, plantain Krasheninnikov, pulmonary gentian.
Juniper Cossack
Included in the list of medicinal plants of the Orenburg region. Of the cypress family, evergreen. It has exfoliating bark, dark green leaves, similar to needles. Fruits in male (shape of earrings) and female flowers (shape of cones), which turn into cone-berries of black and green color.
In the cones there are essential oils that are used in folk medicine to disinfect open wounds, inside - as an antimicrobial agent.
Decoctions and infusions are made from the plant, which can help with lung diseases, liver problems, and intestines. Alternative cancer therapy suggests using juniper to treat skin cancer.
Poisonous
Poisonous (and medicinal) plants of the Orenburg region account for about 5% of the total number of flora representatives growing in the region. These include, for example, celandine, Indian dope, belladonna.
Celandine
Celandine is a perennial plant with a short red root, a single stem up to 1 m high. It contains carotene and alkaloids. Due to the presence of the first substance during the fracture of the stem, thick juice of bright orange color actively oozes from it. The second component makes celandine poisonous and dangerous. This is an extremely wild grass, found in garden areas.
Alternative therapy offers recipes based on juice and celandine roots. Overdose or prolonged use can cause poisoning. Inside, they are used as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, sedative, tonic. In cosmetology, celandine remove age spots on the skin, freckles, warts.
Conclusion
Medicinal plants require respect for them, the Red Book seeks to achieve the safety and protection of species. Knowledge of the toxicity of medicinal plants is an integral condition for the competent handling of flora and a careful attitude to life.