Cadres decide everything. How old is this phrase, but it still does not lose its relevance. And it is unlikely that this will ever happen. But as a result of this approach, the question arises of how to conduct staff training in the organization. What to bet on? What are the nuances to consider?
general information
Personnel training is an organized, focused, systematic and systematic process of mastering knowledge, skills, abilities and ways of communication using information materials under the guidance of specialists, mentors, teachers and management. The importance of lifelong learning is emphasized by such factors:
- New equipment and technologies are being introduced, modern goods are being produced, communication opportunities are growing.
- For an enterprise, it is more attractive, economical, and effective to increase the return on working employees through their training than to attract new employees.
- Fast and continuous changes in computer science and technology require constant staff training.
- The world is gradually moving towards a highly competitive market. And those countries that have decided to bet on continuing education of the population are leading in it.
Why is it necessary?
Thatās why you need staff training in the organization from the perspective of the employer:
- The introduction of innovations.
- Management organization.
- Acquisition of the ability to identify, disassemble and solve problems.
- Employee Integration.
- Adapting to changing conditions.
- Formation of a flexible operating mode.
Training and staff development is also useful for employees:
- Allows you to maintain the required level and improve professional qualifications.
- Promotes the acquisition of the necessary knowledge outside the scope of its activities.
- Develops abilities in the planning and organization of the workflow.
- It helps to obtain professional knowledge about consumers and suppliers of products, as well as other factors that affect the work of the company.
How necessary is this?
To find out how much training is needed, there are several approaches. But before that, about planning. It should provide for the availability of labor resources, to ensure the recruitment of specialists, as well as the order of their work, so that they can fulfill their functional duties and improve their qualifications. How much is all this necessary? And it already depends on the situation in the organization. The personnel training system may take the following forms:
- Training. It provides for training, in the framework of which knowledge, skills, ways of communication are improved. It is used in cases when the requirements for the profession are growing, or a person is preparing for promotion.
- Staff training. By this we mean organized and systematic training and graduation of personnel for all the necessary fields of activity, where a combination of special knowledge, skills, and abilities is necessary.
- Retraining of staff. In this case, training is provided for personnel, during which the goal is to develop new knowledge, skills, abilities and everything else that is necessary in order to master a new profession or changing requirements for it.
About concepts and subjects
Foreign and domestic experience has allowed us to develop three fundamental approaches to staff training. Namely:
- The concept of specialized training. It is oriented for today or the near future, corresponds to a certain place of work. This training is quite effective and does not take much time, at the same time contributes to the preservation of the workplace and the strengthening of self-esteem in a person.
- The concept of multidisciplinary training. It is effective from an economic point of view, as it contributes to the increase in the internal mobility of the employee. But this training at the same time carries a certain share of risk, since the employee has more opportunities and is less attached to a particular workplace.
- The concept of personality-oriented learning. She relies on the development of human qualities that are inherent in nature or acquired during practical activities. Such training is considered in those cases when it comes to talking about people with talent in the field of research, leadership, pedagogy and so on.
What in all these cases acts as an object? It:
- Knowledge - obtaining the theoretical, practical and methodological base that an employee needs to perform existing tasks at the workplace.
- Skills - is the ability to successfully perform duties that are assigned to a person within the framework of existing powers.
- Skills are an opportunity to apply the acquired knowledge in practice. They suggest the presence of conscious self-control.
- The form of life, the ways of behavior / communication on the part of the personality is the totality of the individualās actions that were committed in the process of interaction with the outside world.
About Methods
They affect where the learning process will take place - at the workplace or with a margin from it. When is the first option possible? The methods of staff training at the workplace allow the educational process to be carried out in a familiar environment. At the same time, the employee uses the usual tools, documentation, materials, equipment - all that with which he will deal after completion of training. Moreover, he is considered as a partially productive worker. On-the-job training involves moving an employee beyond the boundaries of the labor territory. Moreover, as a rule, it is carried out using simplified tools and equipment called training. The employee does not act as an arbitrary unit. It should be noted that this option can be carried out in the premises of the employer, training centers, vocational institutions. Personnel training methods are divided into two large groups, each of which relies on where this process goes. Let's look at them in detail.
At work
The table below will help us with this.
Teaching methods | Implementation Features |
Production briefing | General information, familiarization with the new working environment, introduction to the specialty, adaptation |
Guided Experience | Systematic training in the workplace, the preparation and implementation of an individual plan, which sets out all the goals pursued |
Rotation (change of workplace) | Obtaining the necessary knowledge and gaining new experience. Thanks to this approach, an idea is formed of the multifaceted nature of production tasks and activities. Typically used in programs for the younger generation of specialists |
Mentoring | A collaboration of two people when there is continuous, impartial feedback. In this case, the mentor periodically checks the level of work on the part of the student. This method is effective in cases where something goes wrong. Can be practiced as systematic |
Attracting employees as assistants to highly qualified employees | It is used for familiarization and training with problems of a qualitatively different and higher order of tasks, when a certain share of responsibility is transferred to a person |
Training in project teams | In this case, cooperation is being worked out during the execution of large and time-limited tasks. |
Speaking about the training of workers, it should be noted that some forms of training are possible only at the workplace. Examples include rotation or mentoring. Whereas theoretical training is usually transferred to vocational schools, special centers, and so on.
Off-site training
This option is more intended for obtaining theoretical knowledge. The table below will also help us to consider it.
Teaching methods | Implementation Features |
Lecturing | Passive teaching method, which is used to present methodological and theoretical knowledge, as well as practical experience |
Program courses | A relatively active teaching method, which is effective in terms of obtaining theoretical knowledge |
Conferences, excursions, seminars, discussions, round-table discussions, meetings with management | These are active teaching methods that are aimed at developing logical thinking and developing ways of behavior in various situations |
Management training on the independent solution of specific problems of industrial practice | Simulation of certain problems that should be eliminated by the management link. It allows you to combine theoretical knowledge and practical skills, provides information processing, promotes constructive-critical thinking and develops a creative approach to decision-making |
Business games | This approach teaches behavior in various situations, for example, during negotiations. At the same time, it is desirable that role holders develop alternative points of view |
Training | It is a daily training, during which one person instructs another on the basics of activity by conducting intensive training, demonstration and practical activities in order to increase labor productivity |
Selfeducation | This is the simplest approach, which does not require instructors, special rooms, or a specific time. The student himself chooses when and how to learn and improve. But this method requires consciousness and a desire to learn new knowledge. |
Quality circle | In this case, the cooperation of young specialists in the development of specific solutions in the management of the organization is assumed. This is accomplished through integration into working groups (quality circles). All developments are transferred to the management of the organization, which considers the proposals received and makes decisions on them. The group is informed whether it was supported or rejected. |
Solving production and economic problems through modeling | Construction and evaluation of processes using the mathematical apparatus in competing enterprises (fictitious or real data), the need to make decisions at a certain stage of activity (production, marketing, financing, personnel issues) |
Other methods
Vocational training of staff may have other options. As an example, we can cite:
- Empirical or experiential learning. In this case, it is envisaged that the educational process will be promoted through independent work, but with a certain logical order.
- Demonstration and practice under experienced guidance. In this case, the teacher shows the intern what and how to do it. Then the opportunity to repeat the same is given to the employee himself, but under the guidance of an experienced employee.
- Programmable training. In fact, this is an option when a machine or a book "leads" its reader along the path of development and periodically checks the knowledge with questions.
- Computer training. A private version of p. 3, but very common. As a rule, the presence of the Internet is assumed.
- Learning by action. The educational process, which involves the commission of certain acts. For example, participation with others in the development of a group task or project, work as part of a (larger) unit.
The personnel training program and its implementation is considered effective if the costs associated with it are paid off in the long run due to increased labor productivity or other factors that are associated with costs or errors. Improving the professional level allows you to save a job, opens up opportunities for promotion, positively affects the size of the organizationās income, self-esteem of employees and even helps expand the market for the sale of goods.
How to evaluate staff training?
In short, it is necessary to calculate the costs and compare them with the financial benefits of a trained employee. Moreover, the accuracy and simplicity of the assessment can vary greatly:
- The financial benefits of training are much easier to calculate if the conversation is not about mental, but about physical labor.
- The costs of the option with the separation from the workplace are easier to consider than in those cases when everything is in production.
- The benefits of training are not limited to simply improving work efficiency. This must be taken into account.
- Easy enough to estimate the costs of inadequate training. As an example, you can calculate the cost of damaged source materials, marriage, overtime to correct errors, customer complaints.
Significant difficulties may arise when trying to evaluate these points in financial indicators. If this happens for the first time, then it is necessary that the training and certification of personnel is monitored by experienced employees. If they are absent, the personnel department should carefully monitor everything or, if the enterprise is small and absent, representatives of senior management (director, deputy director, accountant). And in addition to paragraph 3, we can say that nevertheless the main criterion for the effectiveness of training is an increase in efficiency.
Features of training in government
In general, the main topic of the article has already been considered. Now let's talk about the specifics that are in government. In many cases, the organizationās personnel management and personnel training are regulated by law. This is relevant, to a greater extent, for workers in the field of education and medicine. So, teachers can get a promotion, then become a distinguished teacher and so on. The same can be said about the training of medical personnel. It does not last long - days or weeks (depends on the scope of work, current qualification level and needs). So, for example, a doctor can be sent to nursing management courses or to get familiar with internal hospital infections. This is all part of staff training. Managing the development of the same hospital is not possible if it smoothly turns into a morgue. Therefore, it is necessary that the staff know what can lead to an improvement in the situation with the sick, and what to the deterioration. Periodic UV quartzing, overalls, masks and shoe covers - it all matters. Similar can be said of many other specialties. Their future depends on the education of our children, as well as the whole country. Training of electrical personnel allows you to perform tasks and fix problems, as well as wiring in residential and industrial premises in accordance with the requirements and requirements. After all, if you ignore the numerous requirements and conditions (including safety), this can result in injuries and even death.