Undoubtedly, the Mikhalkovo estate is one of the most interesting sights of the metropolitan metropolis, where you can spend leisure time with your own benefit. The territory of this walking zone is nearly a hundred hectares; cozy alleys, green spaces, shady ponds, original sculptures harmoniously coexist on it. And, of course, the central link of the park is the Mikhalkovo estate itself, which, unfortunately, today is in a dilapidated state, despite the loud status of an architectural monument of the 18th century.
Of course, the area of ​​this object cannot but surprise. But the estate of Nikita Mikhalkov (director) is half as much - only fifty hectares. However, the architectural monument is attractive to tourists and Muscovites not only for its size. In summer it is pleasant to walk here surrounded by lush foliage, and in winter many people come to admire the beauty of the entrance towers, decorated with rarity kokoshniks and pinnacles that rise above the snow-white snowdrifts.
When did this unique object of Russia's cultural heritage appear, what happened to it over the centuries? Consider these issues in more detail.
Historical excursion
For the first time the estate "Mikhalkovo" appears in the scribe book of 1584. Its owner was Semen Fomin, who was the offspring of Tretyakov. Most likely, the name of the architectural monument comes from the family name or nickname of its first owner. After some time, the object becomes the property of the Novgorod employee Anton Zagoskin. However, already in the middle of the 17th century the Mikhalkovo estate was renamed to the estate of Ivan Dashkov, who was in charge of the affairs of the Rogue Order. He arranged a fruit garden and several ponds on the territory, and also built the manor house of wood.
After the death of the owner of the estate, she was inherited by the wife of E.R. Dashkova. However, after a while, the new owner of the estate decided to go abroad, so she had to sell an architectural monument. The new owner of the Dashkova property was one of the educators of Emperor Paul I N.I. Panin. However, he did not often visit the estate, so the park-estate "Mikhalkovo" becomes the summer residence of the count's brother - Pyotr Ivanovich.
The British confessor W. Cox writes about what an architectural monument is in the late 70s of the XVIII century: “The road from Moscow to this place takes about four hours. Manor "Mikhalkovo", located in a forest, consists of several wooden structures, the facades of which are painted quite brightly and colorfully. The parks, arranged according to the English model, are in perfect harmony with wide fields, meadow grasses and a large pond, on the banks of which many trees grow. ”
Such sights distinguished the estate, actually belonging to General-General P.I. Panin.
For information, Mikhalkov’s estate (location: Schepachikha village, Pavlovsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region) is also not without natural beauty. The estate of the famous director lies along the picturesque lake, nicknamed the Saints by the people, since the outlines of the church are reflected in it.
Large-scale restoration
The Mikhalkovo estate in Moscow was rebuilt in the 70s of the 18th century on the initiative of Peter Panin. Thus, he wanted to perpetuate his exploits in the war with the Turks, in which he was directly involved. An architect V. Bazhenov worked on the restoration project. He embodied in stone a colorful image of one of the fortresses of the Ottoman Empire, which was able to conquer the count. The semicircle (visually reminiscent of the Turkish crescent) became the central link of the general plan. The territory was fenced, and along its perimeter three pairs of towers were installed, outbuildings and designated entrances. In the direction of the park, two more outbuildings and the manor house were erected, which has not been preserved to this day. The towers, mounted towards the entrances to the front courtyard, were decorated with original details.
Their upper parts ended with two-horned teeth, which only emphasized their strict outlines. Fences and outbuildings were decorated with over-cornice decorative arrows and half-columns. Behind the manor’s house was a park with several ponds, and a marina-pavilion was arranged on the shore.
After Count P. Panin died, the Mikhalkovo estate (address: 38 Mikhalkovskaya St., building 1, CAO) began to change hands.
A series of new owners
At the end of the 18th century, the owner of the estate was the merchant Turcheninov, who organized the production of chintz here. The enterprise will bring huge profits when the estate is acquired by businessman Grachev. The business reached even greater development after the entrepreneur Wilhelm Jokisz became the new owner of the estate. In the middle of the 19th century, he turned the enterprise into a powerful partnership of cloth manufacture. Its products provided the needs of the entire Russian Empire. It should be noted that the proletarians, who were born precisely from the Mikhail peasants, spoke positively of their master, therefore, they did not take an active part in the rebellions of the early 20th century.
The owner of the enterprise really favored the workers and in the early 20s even gave money for the construction of a working camp, the design of which was carried out by the architect D. Sukhov.
It should be noted that the organization of the factory on the territory of the architectural monument negatively affected its appearance. The outbuildings were rebuilt, the towers were laid, the decorative wall was destroyed, and some territories were given over to summer cottages.
After the revolution
Shortly before the October events, a medical medical institution and a nursery were erected on the territory of the estate, and one of the manor outbuildings was placed under school. After the fall of tsarism in Russia, the Bolsheviks nationalized the famous manufactory for the production of cloth. The company began to produce various fabrics for sewing clothes.
Manor during the Second World War
At the beginning of World War II, one of the defense lines of Moscow passed through the estate.
The soldiers who had taken refuge at the firing points were ready to face the enemy. By 1945, almost nothing remained of the oak grove , as there was an acute need for firewood.
Another restoration
In the middle of the 20th century, another restoration was carried out in the park-estate "Mikhailovo": trees were planted, alleys were laid. It is noteworthy that it was then that a plaster statue of the Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya appeared on the territory of the architectural monument, which, it turns out, lived in neighboring Koptevo. In the era of the USSR, children's attractions were created on the territory of the estate, but now, of course, they are not there.
Golovinsky Ponds
One of the main attractions of the estate is the Big, Small and Upper Golovinsky ponds.
All of them are connected by channels through which bridges are thrown. In the early 40s, hydraulic works were carried out, as a result of which Volga water began to flow into the ponds through the Moscow canal. Everyone is now resting on the shore.
Golovinsky monastery
Another object that attracts attention is the Golovinsky Monastery, built in 1886. During the period of collectivization, the Soviet government banned the service, and all church values ​​were seized. The building itself was converted for various needs. A club, a warehouse, and a hospital for commanders were arranged here. Subsequently, the builders converted the cathedral into a multi-story building. In the 70s, a residential microdistrict began to be built up here, so all the monastery facilities were destroyed, only the three-tier bell tower, which was not touched, reminded of the former greatness of the Golovinsky monastery.
Manor in modern days
Currently, the estate has somewhat lost its original appearance. Extensive restoration work was carried out between 1994 and 2006.
Nevertheless, some elements of the architectural ensemble were still restored, and a park with a cascade of ponds was also reanimated. The south gate, the south-east front gate, the south-west wing, part of the massive wall, decorated with buttresses, as well as the towers of the western ponds, have survived. One way or another, but even today the degree of improvement of the architectural monument of the 18th century cannot be considered high. Nevertheless, this object of historical heritage should be interesting to every resident of our country.
Russia's property is a park-estate "Mikhalkovo". How to get to her? First we get to the Vodny Stadion metro station, and then we take the bus number 72. Some hike from the above subway station, walking in the direction of the Golovinsky highway, bypassing the cemetery.