The nineteenth century can be figuratively called the century of the noble estate of life. For half a year, noble nobles lived not in stuffy stone Moscow, but in their estates of local estates. Moscow expanded and built up over time, absorbing the nearest estates within the city limits. Now Izmailovo and Ostankino, and even back then the distant Kuskovo, are completely built-up and inhabited Moscow districts. But in the suburbs and today there is a sufficient number of old estates that have not yet entered the capital's borders. Unfortunately, many of them, which are of undoubted interest for history and descendants, are on the verge of destruction by people or time. Below is a photo of the estate Lyakhovo, included in this list.
Where is?
Domodedovo district is one of the southern administrative units near Moscow around the Domodedovo airport. According to published data, several well-preserved cultural and historical sites are located on its territory: the Morozov and Konstantinovo estates, the Holy Cross Exaltation of Jerusalem Women's Monastery and six ancient temples, the archaeological site - the Shcherbinsky settlement. Unfortunately, the Lyakhovsky estate located in the same locality is not included in the list of these historical places. Near Moscow Lyakhovo is located near the Vosta River.
To get to the estate Lyakhovo of the Domodedovo district, it is best (in the absence of your car) to go by rail from the Paveletsky station, and then from Barybino station by bus number 43.
Stages of the formation of the appearance of the estate
Located near Kolomna, the village of Lyakhovo is mentioned in the Book of Scribes for the 1570s. For a long time, it is described as an uninhabited place that does not belong to anyone. And after the raids of the Crimean Tatars it was completely burnt out. The transformation of the territory began from the moment when it was first declared as patrimonial possession.
| Period | Owner | Changes in the appearance of the estate |
| The end of the 16th century | Grigory Sidorov | Unknown |
| The beginning 18th century | Fedor Vasilyevich Naumov | Village development, construction of the manor house |
| 2nd floor. 17th century | Anna Fedorovna Beloselskaya (nee Naumova) | Unknown |
| The end of the 18th century | P.I. Pozdnyakova | The beginning of the design of a noble estate with a 5-room landlord's house: the roof and wall cladding are made of tesa. The decor of the manor house: expensive wallpaper, icons, dishes, rich furniture. Near the house there is a kitchen (a brick hearth, a cast-iron boiler), a cellar, summer living outbuildings, a stable, a horse-drawn carriage. The area is surrounded by a wooden fence. |
| The beginning 19th century | Grigory Alekseevich Vasilchikov | The manor house with an outbuilding, a farmyard and a stable are replaced by stone |
| 1st floor. 19th century | Illarion Vasilievich Vasilchikov | Complete reconstruction of the Lyakhovo estate in the architectural style of empire or mature classicism. The residential building consists of the master’s house and the outbuilding adjacent to it. They are focused on the roadway. Courdoner Courtyard Abolished |
| Ser. 19th century | Alexandra Denisievna Zalivskaya | The changes are unknown. In 1873 it burned down, but was rebuilt again. |
| 1890s | N. A. Agapov | Unknown changes |
| The end of the 19th century | Alexey Alekseevich Vargin | The second manor house and the outbuilding, not connected with each other, were rebuilt. There are new landings |
| 1917 | State | The estate is nationalized. State farm of the same name formed |
| 1922 | State | Shoe factory "Paris Commune" |
| 1945 | State | Experimental farm "Ilyinskoye" with a kindergarten and a hostel |
During the years of perestroika and restoration of the state, Lyakhovo formally belonged to the state, but in fact no one has looked after it and has not looked after it until now. The historical place is empty and destroyed.
The fate of the owners
The first owner of the Lyakhovo estate is mentioned a certain nobleman Grigory Sidorov. Nothing is known about his fate. But the second owner of the estate knows much more.
Fedor Vasilyevich Naumov - a representative of an ancient noble family. Having received a home education, he initially got a job in the Moscow Judicial Order. He was later appointed adjutant J.F. Dolgorukov, where he rose to the rank of Kriegs Commissioner. He went from a state adviser to a minister-adviser. He served in the Judicial Order and vice-governor of St. Petersburg, and then - St. Petersburg general-police chief. He did a lot of charity work.
His daughter Anna was born from a marriage with Maria Mikhailovna Samarina, married Prince Beloselsky. She lived with her husband for a long time in Paris, but then returned alone to Russia. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, she was a near mind, simple-minded and kind.
About general PI Pozdnyakova information could not be found. Unknown even her full name and patronymic. Nothing is known about Lieutenant General G. A. Vasilchikov, except that he was from the "local". I.V. Vasilchikov, apparently, was his nephew. This was a man known in the world, the prince, served in the Life Guards of the Horse Regiment, the Akhtyr Hussar Regiment, and commanded a separate guard corps. He went from a non-commissioned officer to a general from cavalry. In public service, distinguished himself as chairman of the Committee of Ministers and the State Council of the Russian Empire. He was one of the proxies of the emperor.
Information about the life of the wife of the provincial secretary A. D. Zalivskaya, about the secretary of the court and the estate manager S. D. Sheremetev N. A. Agapov, and about the assistant to the leader of the county nobility A. A. Vargin was not found.
Estate development
In this part of the article, attention will be paid to the issue of developing not the Lyakhovo estate itself, but the lands belonging to it, on which the houses of serfs of the estate were located.
In the 16th century according to documentary sources, only four peasant households are listed on the estate site, which were ravaged and burned during the raid of the Crimean Tatars. There is no information about the fate of the villagers.
Until the 18th century. there was a wasteland in the place of the village. After the beginning of the arrangement on these lands of the landowner's estate, peasant houses began to be built nearby. By the end of the first decade, the yards of four peasant families, forcibly resettled from another patrimonial estate of the owners of the estate located in Mikhailovsky Uyezd, were rebuilt here. Nine years later, there were already ten mowings and a little more than 300 acres of arable land.
By the end of the century, an extensive orchard had grown here, three ponds were laid where fish were bred, a livestock yard for cattle was set up, and a water mill worked. And at the beginning of the 19th century. A regular park with fountains and cascades was laid out.
By the middle of the 19th century. the number of peasant households increased to 25. 99 peasants lived in them, mainly corvées. By the end of the century, the farmyard was replenished with 12 horses, sheep and pigs.
Architectural features of the estate
The main building of the estate is built of red brick. Usually its walls were plastered. The decor of the facades is laid out in the form of relief elements in contrasting white: medallions, vignettes. Also, a three-part window motif was used in the decoration, and “blind windows” on the front facades.
The one-story building has a mezzanine with a balcony. The center of the main and courtyard facades is highlighted by an antique portico using a Tuscan warrant. To this day, the portico of the main facade has not been preserved.
The two-story outbuilding next to it echoes in architecture with the manor house. On the second floor also has a Tuscan portico - on double columns. Columns are placed on quadrangular pillar pillars. These supports are decorated with rust.
Filmed a movie!
In 1984, in the Lyakhovo estate, there was a shooting of the famous Formula of Love film, famous and beloved by many Russian citizens. It was this estate that "played" in the film the role of the landowner estate of Alexei, a romantic and a dreamer, and his aunt, who was brilliantly played by Tatyana Peltzer.
In the park at the manor’s house, there was a mystification ceremony, arranged by Count Cagliostro, according to the materialization of the sculpture adorning the clearing: either Praskovya Tulupova, or Juliet or Beatrice, or even someone unknown.
It was in the estate park that the novel of the young master and Maria Ivanovna, the companion of the count, rapidly developed. And it was here that a memorable photo was made by a local amateur photographer who had been asking for such grace for Cagliostro for so long. One of the corners of Lyakhovo is captured in a photograph sent to Count Cagliostro to the place of his imprisonment in Italy and brightened his last days.
Now the interiors of the landowner’s house are completely different from those in which Cagliostro swallowed forks for dessert, sitting at the dining table next to the local doctor (played by Leonid Broneva.) You won’t hear and don’t see Fimka frying pan tossing with a heart-rending scream played by Alexandra Zakharova.
The carriages were preserved in a rather deplorable form, where the local blacksmith, an expert in Latin, "repaired" the count carriage ...
In the estate Lyakhovo starred in the 1990s. and another film - "Sad Paradise" by Arkady Krasilshchikov. The film did not become popular, but retained the estate in the history of cinema again.