The main means of production in agriculture is, of course, land. It is she who is considered the main source of reproduction in the industry, necessary for the creation of raw materials and food. And of course, land should be used as rationally as possible. Failure to comply with this rule is fraught with losses of various kinds and a decrease in profitability for farms. When analyzing the land background, first of all, such important factors as the timing of planting agricultural crops and the structure of sown areas are taken into account .
Definition
The timing of planting crops is determined primarily by their biological characteristics and climate features of this particular area. The structure of the sown area is nothing more than the percentage of individual varieties of crops to their total number. The choice of specific crops and their distribution within the territory of an agricultural enterprise may depend on both the climatic features of the farming zone and the specialization of the latter or structural features of the livestock and food industries in the region.
The benefits of a scientific approach
The structure of sown areas of farms is being developed in such a way as to ensure the highest yield from each hectare of land at the lowest labor costs and depreciation of means of production. Also, the right choice of the ratio of agricultural crops grown on the farm can contribute to:
In farms, with all responsibility that approached the development of the structure of sown areas, there is never surplus production. Livestock complexes and enterprises of the food and light industries quickly buy it up. That is, the grown crop does not rot and does not go to waste. Also, such enterprises are capable of placing on the market the widest range of agricultural products.
The structure of sown areas and crop yields
The determining indicator for any economy is, of course, namely productivity. It can depend on various factors. But one of the main conditions for the good development of plants is, of course, the correct crop rotation. In those farms where a lot of attention was paid to the development of the crop area structure , the best predecessors are always used for crops. As a result, plants are much less likely to become infected with all kinds of bacterial and fungal diseases, and are also less affected by pests. Indeed, in this case, the soil does not accumulate spores, harmful microorganisms or eggs and insect larvae.
When using the correct crop rotation, it is possible not only to reduce the incidence of crops, and therefore to increase their productivity, but also to preserve the structure of the land itself as fully as possible. Indeed, different groups of plants “carry out” different mineral salts from the soil. By observing crop rotation and using fertilizers, thus, it is possible to prevent the depletion of the earth by any particular microelement.
With the conservation of the nutritional value of the soil and its structure, in turn, it helps to increase productivity and prevents any areas from falling out of the production process.
Features of the development of crop rotation methods
Thus, an important role in terms of increasing the yield of agricultural crops is played by their correct alternation. When developing crop rotation methods, specialists should first of all:
thoroughly research the characteristics of each particular culture;
take into account the fact that several varieties of the same crop should not be used in crop rotation - this is necessary to avoid mixing of their qualities;
try to optimize the diet of plants when using different types of fertilizers.
Main agronomists are responsible for the development of crop rotation on farms. For a preliminary assessment, they usually present at least 3 variants of crop rotation schemes. For each of them, in the future, they conduct the actual analysis of the structure of sown areas. Then they evaluate which of the schemes will subsequently give the best results. The following indicators are taken into account:
Crop rotation classification
All crops grown by agricultural enterprises are divided into:
It is on this basis, and also depending on the influence of crops on the soil and the ratio of their groups, that crop rotation is classified. Farms can specialize in growing different agricultural plants. If, for example, more than half of the area of an agricultural enterprise is reserved for potatoes, cereals and industrial crops - its crop rotation will be classified as field. If fodder plants occupy most of the land, it will be called fodder, respectively. Also distinguish:
near-farm crop rotations;
hay pasture;
special, used for crops that require compliance with special growing conditions.
Of course, different types of crop rotation can be used within the same farm.
Sowing area structure optimization: possible directions
There are two ways to increase the yield of agricultural crops and reduce labor costs for their cultivation:
By replacing low-margin crops with high-yielding crops. In this case, the management system as a whole is usually practically not affected.
By deepening on-farm and inter-farm specialization. In this case, of course, the composition and combination of the branches of agriculture and animal husbandry will also change.
They choose a way to increase the profitability of production and determine the size and structure of the sown area of the farm, usually based on the recommendations of specialists who conducted research on the most successful agricultural enterprises.
Efficient land use: crop distribution
Crop rotation in farms, therefore, must be respected. However, it is equally important and correctly distribute the cultures on the territory of the economy within one season. Select specific agricultural plants and calculate the area allotted land for them should be in accordance with:
Calculation of the structure of sown areas is made, of course, with the obligatory allowance for these two factors.
Rational use of land
In different years, significant changes have taken place in the structure of the land fund of a particular farm. The share of some types of land may increase, while others may decrease. When developing a specific management scheme, of course, one should also take into account the return of the lands themselves. It is believed that the most effective in terms of use are arable land. They are followed by artificially improved hayfields and pastures. The least returns are, of course, natural meadows and pastures.
In order to increase profitability, pr and the development of the structure of sown areas of agricultural crops, the enterprise should assess the specific gravity of each type of land in the total area of its land. At the same time, it is also necessary to develop a set of measures aimed at increasing the area of the most profitable in terms of the use of arable land. To do this, for example, you can do the following:
clear fields from bushes and boulders;
eliminate the small contour areas;
more rational distribution of buildings;
to plow unnecessary internal roads.
Economic indicators
To choose for cultivation, of course, it is necessary those crops that in the future will be most effective in terms of profit. In this case, the calculations are carried out in the following sequence:
determine the output in cost and physical terms per 1 ha of land, taking into account purchase prices;
calculate current production costs;
subtract these costs from the cost of production, thus determining conditional income.
Climatic conditions
Among other things, the selection of crops should take into account the weather conditions of a particular area. When developing a crop plan, such factors are also taken into account:
Instead of a conclusion
The profitability and profitability of any agricultural enterprise, therefore, to a large extent depends precisely on how well the crop area structure will be developed and implemented . When choosing management schemes, maximum attention should be paid to the development of crop rotation, the selection of specific crops, the number of areas allocated for them, as well as the rational use of land. In this case, with the minimum material and labor costs of agricultural enterprises will be able to get maximum yields, avoid losses due to the lack of buyers and present their products in the market in a wide range.