Grammatical signs are components of any part of speech. What are they needed for? Of course, in order to separate one part of speech from another in order to reveal its individual qualities. So, the grammatical features of the word can be both general and belong to a specific part of speech. Each group of features will be parsed below.
Grammatical signs. General Provisions
For all parts of speech, there is a certain set of attributes that can be applied to any word. These characteristics traditionally include gender (male / female, general / average), number (collective / dual, singular / plural), as well as a person (first / second and third person).
Another common grammatical attribute is case. As you know, there are six cases in the Russian language. Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instructive and prepositional. The questions of all cases need to be known by heart, as the possession of such information helps not only in determining grammatical features, but also in determining the type of secondary members of a sentence.
Grammatical signs of the noun, verb and adjective
So, along with general signs, it is possible to distinguish individual ones that are characteristic only for a particular word — parts of speech. Let's start with the verb. This part of speech has the greatest “arsenal”. As a rule, they always begin with conjugation. It is the first and second. To define it, it is enough just to present the verb in the second person and singular, that is, substitute “you”. It is worth noting that verbs are conjugated only in indicative mood, and only of the future and present tense, while past tense verbs possess only such characteristics as gender and number. The grammatical features of the verb include the type - perfect / imperfect, mood - conditional / indicative / imperative, time (only for the second type of mood), as well as the number, gender and face. Many also distinguish such a sign as a pledge (active / passive and others).
The grammatical features of the noun have a much smaller composition. Firstly, this part of speech has a declination, and secondly, it is necessary to determine animation, that is, a noun can be both inanimate and animated. Thirdly, the affiliation of the name is determined: common or own.
The grammatical features of the adjective are as small as the noun. Such an analysis will require the definition of a category - qualitative / possessive / relative, the degree of consistency with a noun in gender / number / case, and also need to determine whether it is full or short, and whether there is a degree of comparison (only adjectives that have a category of quality).
Thus, the grammatical features of the word help to parse it into small details, to determine the components of a particular part of speech. To do this, you need to know that there is a group of general and individual characteristics that are characteristic of each part of speech separately.