Today, the importance of agriculture for the economy of any country is very high. More and more new methods of maintenance and care are being developed in order to agricultural. animals felt more comfortable and brought maximum benefits, while the desire to mechanize all types of work related to the rural industry is growing every year.
Concept and types
The livestock complex is a specialized large industrial-type enterprise whose task is to produce livestock products by using the latest technologies.
There are pig breeding, sheep breeding, cattle, horse breeding, fur farming, rabbit farming, poultry complexes. The type of livestock complex depends on which agricultural. animals are kept on it or what type of product is the main one.
Such enterprises are usually specialized in narrow, simultaneous production of two or more types of products is contrary to sanitary standards. Let us take an example: if the complex belongs to the type of cattle, then it is agricultural. animals are kept either solely for the purpose of obtaining meat, or for the purpose of obtaining milk.
Livestock complex areas
The division of the territory into zones is one of the key factors for the successful operation of the entire complex. There are 4 main areas:
- Administrative - part of the complex, where everything necessary for staff relaxation (dining room, shower) is located, all decisions are made related to work activities.
- Auxiliary, or veterinary, is the area where the veterinary pharmacy, sanitary checkpoints and checkpoints are located. Here is agricultural. animals can get all the help they need.
- The main production is the zone on which buildings for animals and feed are located. And also in this area is a place for walking animals. All the main types of work are carried out here.
- Waste zone - there are buildings for processing, storage and collection of animal waste (manure storage).
Animal Keeping Systems
Agricultural content. animals - a set of measures for caring for animals, maintaining their viability and productivity (feeding, drinking, hygiene procedures, walking).
Many animal husbandry systems have been developed for each type of livestock complex. The choice of a system depends on the following parameters: climatic conditions, number of animals, economic and technological capabilities, type of products obtained.
Let us analyze cattle breeding as an example: the main criterion in this industry when choosing a system is usually the geographical location of the complex and the number of livestock.
Pasture system (divided into two subsystems) - animals spend all year on pastures (an extensive subsystem only on natural pastures, in the winter season on distant pastures; an intensive subsystem on pastures where crops were cultivated).
Stall-pasture - in summer, paddock and feeding of animals occur on pastures, in winter - in a stall.
Stall-camp - agricultural cold season . animals are kept indoors, in the summer they are moved to a camp equipped with everything necessary for the proper maintenance of livestock; this system is used in countries where, due to climatic conditions, there is no natural feed.
Stall - all year animals are in the stall.