Without special equipment it is impossible to build a house, pave the road, build a bridge. All devices used by a person to facilitate the work are divided into two large groups. Firstly, these are inexpensive tools that are simple in design, and secondly, the equipment itself, which can be the main and auxiliary. The latter type of devices is used almost as widely as the first. In this article, we will deal with all the details of what constitutes auxiliary equipment.
Possible applications
This type of equipment can be used when carrying out both construction and various kinds of installation works. Sometimes it is used during repairs, along with the main one. An auxiliary equipment can be of any design, machine or installation. Often apply this term to additional nodes of various kinds of complex mechanisms.
Simple examples
There are actually a huge number of types of auxiliary equipment. For example, diesel generator sets can be attributed to this class of devices, without which construction machines using electric power will not be able to work in a remote area. It is an auxiliary equipment and a compressor used in combination with a jackhammer. Another example of such a device is a dust collector used when grinding stone. Next, we consider the types and examples of similar tools used in various fields of business and everyday life.
Accessories for the construction of houses
In this case, a variety of devices can be used. In the construction of houses are used, for example:
Wheelbarrows . Such equipment may have two wheels or one. The bowl itself of a modern construction car is usually made of thick galvanized sheet. This type of auxiliary equipment is used to move mainly various kinds of bulk building materials or land.
Tubs for concrete. This kind of additional equipment can have different shapes and sizes. The most common trough-like types of tubs and cone-shaped on the coasters.
House equipment
Of course, it is possible to live in convenience in any building only if there are such communications in it as water supply, sewage and electricity. In the first case, for example, such auxiliary equipment as:
Filters This kind of additional equipment, in turn, can have a different design. There are mesh filters, magnetic filters, reverse osmosis, etc. In any case, such auxiliary equipment is designed to purify water from various kinds of impurities.
Compensators . This type of equipment is used to equalize temperature changes along the length of the pipeline.
In power networks, optional equipment such as:
Surge Protectors. This type of device is used to compensate for power surges in the household network. Most often, stabilizers are installed in country houses or in apartments of high-rise buildings in case of wear of the line.
Uninterruptible power supplies . Such devices are most often used in those houses in which there are a lot of office equipment. In the event of a power failure, for example, the computer may run from the UPS for some time. Indeed, a sharp shutdown of electronics, as you know, is very harmful.
Quite often, various kinds of portable power consumers are used in everyday life. Auxiliary equipment for them can be used, for example, such as pipe cutters (for welding machines), noise suppressors (for pumps), etc.
When installing sewer systems, the following can be used:
Devices designed for disinfection and disposal of wastewater.
Machines designed for cleaning storm sewer pipes, etc.
Repair of auxiliary equipment in case of breakdown, as well as the main elements and nodes of communication networks, must be done on time. After all, not only the convenience of living in the house, but also the safety of various kinds of household appliances, structural elements of the building, etc., depends on how efficiently such devices operate.
Types of additional equipment for boiler rooms
There are many different kinds of devices and tools that increase the efficiency of the functioning of the water supply system, electric network and sewage system. But even more such devices can be used in water heating systems of private houses and enterprises. The boiler accessories are classified into the following varieties:
Pumps
heavy-blowing mechanisms;
ash removal and fuel supply systems;
chimneys and flues;
ash traps;
various kinds of measuring instruments;
water treatment devices.
What pumping equipment can be used
Boilers in homes and businesses are used to heat water. The latter can be fed into these devices using piston or centrifugal pumps. In forced-type heating systems, at least two such network units are usually used. One of the pumps in this case is considered a backup auxiliary equipment of the boiler room.
What are draft engines
In order for the boiler to work uninterruptedly, it is necessary to continuously supply air to the furnace, to burning coal, briquettes or firewood. Also, blowing devices are used to ensure a constant speed of movement in the gas ducts and chimneys of the emissions of the heating unit.
Fuel supply systems
Most often, such auxiliary technological equipment is used in solid fuel boilers. Fuel supply systems ensure the smooth operation of these units. Such equipment can be classified into screw and hydraulic.
Pipes and flues
When wood or coal is burned in solid fuel boilers or diesel fuel in a liquid, fumes are formed. Pipes are used to divert them. When installing chimneys, certain standards must be observed. The operation of auxiliary equipment of this type allows you to save the health, and sometimes the life of employees of the enterprise or people living in the house. For the removal of products of combustion of blue fuel in gas boilers, gas flues are used.
Ash traps
Through chimneys, not only the actual gaseous products of fuel combustion can be emitted into the atmosphere. Often a large amount of ash also goes out through the pipes into the street, which leads to environmental pollution. In order to prevent this from happening, such auxiliary equipment as ash traps is used.
Boiler room measuring instruments
This type of auxiliary technical equipment is designed to control and regulate the temperature of water in heating systems, its pressure and level. The main purpose of using measuring devices in boiler rooms is to ensure the safe operation of heat generators and heat power units.
What are water treatment devices
This type of equipment includes all sorts of filters, iron removers, softeners. The use of a coolant with a high content of various impurities significantly reduces the service life of the boiler and other structural elements of the system. Water treatment units designed for its cleaning often have a very complex structure. Installation, exactly, as well as repair of auxiliary equipment of this type, in most cases is carried out only by specialists.
Additional equipment for chemical production: main types
Of course, various kinds of additional devices can be used at industrial enterprises. Further, for an example, we will analyze what auxiliary equipment can be used in chemical industries. In enterprises of this specialization are often used:
capacitive equipment;
heat exchangers;
Filters
crushers.
Types of capacitive equipment
This group of auxiliary equipment for chemical production includes:
various kinds of vertical, spherical and horizontal containers;
low and high pressure separators;
cylindrical and spherical tanks;
measurers, etc.
In turn, capacitive equipment can accommodate, for example, pressure gauges, thermocouples, sight glasses, breathing valves, etc.
Types of heat exchangers
Accessories of this type are classified into:
heaters;
refrigerators;
evaporators;
capacitors.
By design and principle of operation, heat exchangers are also divided into recuperators and regenerators. The first type of equipment is characterized in that in it two flows of the heat carrier alternately pass through the same space. In regenerators, heat is removed and accumulated from one stream and transferred to another.
Varieties and principle of operation of filters
This type of ancillary equipment is designed to separate heterogeneous systems using porous partitions. As the latter can be used fabrics, polymer or wire mesh, ceramic plates, etc. In chemical plants, filters can be used as auxiliary devices:
What are centrifuges and crushers
Equipment of this type, like filters, is used for the mechanical separation of inhomogeneous media. However, such devices operate on a completely different principle. In this case, the separation occurs due to the action of centrifugal forces. In chemical production, mainly two types of centrifuges can be used: filtering and precipitation.
Crushers are designed at such enterprises for grinding pieces of solid materials, revealing grains of clean inclusions or increasing the surface of particles.
Accessories: tests
Despite the fact that such devices are used mainly as additional devices, the serviceability of the entire system as a whole or the effective operation of the workshop often depends on their smooth operation. Therefore, with the release of such equipment at the final stage, in many cases it is tested. At the same time, specialists performing such a procedure are usually guided by GOST standards.
Engine Support and Diagnostics
The auxiliary equipment can be used not only in construction, in boiler houses, in houses or at enterprises. Similar devices are often used in the operation of various kinds of complex mechanisms, for example, engines. It can be:
various kinds of supporting devices;
test stands of various systems;
scanners
equipment designed to detect leaks, etc.
Also in engines can be used all kinds of mounted auxiliary equipment: power steering, air conditioning. Such additions, among other things, take away “horsepower” from the motor. But the benefit of their use is, of course, difficult to overestimate.
Various additional adaptations of the engine are often actuated, often with a belt. Ancillary equipment usually works most efficiently if the latter provides hard transmission. Mounting the hinged belt itself can be done using hydraulic or mechanical systems.
What equipment is used in additional industries
Auxiliary can be not only the actual tools and devices. Often a similar function is performed by entire enterprises. To auxiliary can be attributed, for example, such industries as:
container shops;
production of non-metallic materials (sand, gravel);
factories specializing in the production of various kinds of tools.
At enterprises of this type, all kinds of complex and simple auxiliary and basic equipment are also used. For example, in container workshops such devices as automated and mechanized lines, dryers, molding devices are used. Sand and gravel mining enterprises use crushers, bulldozers, excavators, loaders, etc.
Accounting for auxiliary production and equipment
Any such workshops play an important organizational and technical role. Their costs have a strong impact on the cost of the main products of the enterprise. To determine the possible profit of the company and all sorts of necessary costs, therefore, accounting of auxiliary production must be carried out. Analysis of such enterprise structures is carried out according to the following criteria:
- type of production;
- expenses;
- cost structure;
- loss ratio or profitability level.
On the basis of the data obtained, among other things, ways to reduce the costs of such industries without deteriorating the quality of the final product of the enterprise are determined. All costs of such workshops are divided into simple and indirect. A special active costing account is allocated for their accounting. In this case, the expenses incurred are reflected in the debit and the output of services or products on the loan.
Accounting for auxiliary equipment used at enterprises or in boiler rooms is carried out on the same principle as the main one. It is taken to the balance at the initial redemption value.
Features of the operation of auxiliary equipment
The design of this type of device can be complex and simple. In any case, their operation should be carried out with strict observance of the instructions provided by the manufacturer and various kinds of GOST standards. For example, when using fuel supply systems, approximately the following conditions must be met:
- peat must be preliminarily conducted through crushers, and its final fraction should not exceed 50x50x5 mm;
- the angle of the hopper when using peat as a fuel should not be less than 60 degrees;
- At all stages (fuel supply, loading), fire safety rules must be observed.
In the event of a breakdown of auxiliary equipment, as well as the main one, timely repair should be made. Only specialists with relevant training and the necessary skills are trusted to carry out such work at enterprises and boiler houses.