The Trans-Siberian Railway laid in the last century passes through our entire country and connects its European part with Siberia and the Far East. This well-equipped railroad has been the main railway branch of Russia for a quarter of a century.
Start of construction
The decision to lay the Siberian Railway at the expense of the treasury was made by the tsarist government back in the 80s of the XIX century. In 1887, three expeditions were organized to find places for laying the route under the South Ussuri, West Baikal and Central Siberian highways. The construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began in the 90s of the year before last. The decision to carry out the construction of the Great Siberian Route was made in the winter of 1891. Construction began on two sides - from Vladivostok to Chelyabinsk.
The main stages of laying
The Trans-Siberian Railway was built , the development prospects of which are now wide, in several stages:
1893 - laying a road from the Ob to Irkutsk.
1894 - began construction of the North Ussuri road.
1897 - the beginning of laying the CER.
1898 - a section from the Ob to Krasnoyarsk was adopted.
1900 - a decision was made on the construction of the Circum-Baikal Railway.
1906 - surveys were conducted for the laying of the Amur Railway.
1911 - laying of the section Kerk - p. Storm with a branch in Blagoveshchensk.
1916 - the commissioning of the bridge across the Amur.
The great length of the Trans-Siberian Railway already in those years allowed it to become the main transport artery of the country. But during the Civil War, the condition of the new road, unfortunately, deteriorated significantly. Many bridges were blown up and burned. Wagons and locomotives were also periodically destroyed. Immediately after the end of the war, however, large-scale reconstruction work began. During the winter of 1924-1925, for example, the Amur bridge was restored. Traffic on the highway began in 1925 and continues uninterruptedly to this day.
Trans-Siberian Railway in our time
The history of the Trans-Siberian Railway is full of various achievements. During the years of Soviet power, the road was actively developing and was considered an All-Russian construction site. Today, the Trans-Siberian Railway is one of the most powerful land railways in the world. In Russia, more than 50% of all transit and export cargo is transported through it. It is a Transsiberian electrified double-track line, fully equipped with modern means of communication and information. The technical equipment of the highway allows transporting more than 100 million tons of cargo per year with a maximum permissible speed of 90 km / h.
The advantages of the line, among other things, include the absence of the need to cross any state borders. Unfortunately, the capacity of the road has recently begun to decline. And this indicates the need for its modernization.
Characteristic of the Trans-Siberian Railway: path length, throughput
The total length of the Trans-Siberian Railway is about 10 thousand km. At the moment, it is the longest highway in the world. Throughout its length, 87 cities are located, 14 of which are regional centers.
80% of state industrial enterprises and basic natural resources are concentrated in the regions served by expensive. About 30 routes of freight trains of international and domestic traffic were laid through Tranassib. On a passenger train, the journey along this road, which is a continuation of the European railway network, from Moscow to Vladivostok is 6 days.
The Trans-Siberian Railway passes , the development prospects of which are closely connected with the general growth of the country's economic potential, across two continents: Europe (19.1% of the way) and Asia (80.9%). Throughout its length there are 1852 stations.
Natural conditions of the Trans-Siberian Railway and related problems
The paths of this road are laid in all climatic zones: steppe, desert, forest-steppe, taiga. In the northern regions, the highway partially passes in the permafrost zone (for example, near Lake Baikal). The problems in connection with this railroad have to solve the following:
the danger of stones falling from slopes and earthquakes in mountainous areas;
the need for constant care of the tracks at temperature differences in areas with sharply continental climate;
the need to maintain a large number of bridges;
constant balancing of paths in the permafrost zone;
readiness to eliminate the effects of spring floods.
Thus, the natural conditions of the Trans-Siberian Railway can be considered very difficult. To overcome the effects of various kinds of adverse environmental factors, Russian Railways have to spend quite a lot of money.
Development prospects
To date, most of the cargo from the east to the west is transported by sea. Water transport companies feel themselves to be monopolists, and therefore, often unjustifiably, overcharge their services. As a result, many shippers see the Trans-Siberian Railway as a good alternative to shipping.
In this regard, the Russian government, together with the leadership of Russian Railways, developed a whole range of measures aimed at increasing the transit potential of such a significant route as the Trans-Siberian Railway. Its development prospects are determined primarily by the adopted concept for the development of railway lines in Russia until 2030. Only until 2015, about 50 million rubles were spent on modernizing the road. Until 2030, it is planned to create the best conditions for the movement of special container and passenger trains on the Trans-Siberian Railway. In addition, the Russian Railways Coordinating Council has developed a concept for road transport for the period up to 2020, which provides for:
development of competitive tariffs;
further improvement of the organization of transportation;
improving the quality of service;
the development of technologies that provide customers with information on the location and condition of goods in real time;
increasing the productivity of ports in the west and east of the country;
the creation of modern logistics complexes, etc.
Development in 2016
The general characteristic of the Trans-Siberian Railway allows us to judge it as the most promising railway in our country today. At the beginning of 2016, a set of measures had already been taken aimed at electrifying main lines, reconstructing bridges, tunnels and large stations. Particular attention is paid to the development of the corridors of Primorye-1 and Primorye-2, as well as the organization of direct communication between Korea and the Russian Federation.
Ways to improve work efficiency
The large length of the Trans-Siberian Railway, unfortunately, does not mean its good throughput. The crisis had a negative impact on all sectors of the country's economy, including railway communications. Therefore, in terms of organizational issues, the emphasis at the moment is precisely on increasing the throughput of the highway. At the same time, events are held aimed primarily at:
to eliminate the problem of untimely cleaning of private cars from public roads;
attracting private investment in the development of highway infrastructure;
effective combination of each type of transport involved in transportation.
Thus, the main railway, which in our country has great hopes in the global market, is the Trans-Siberian Railway. The prospects for its development as the main alternative to maritime transport are currently unusually broad. At the same time, the priority tasks are to reduce the time of movement of goods and improve the quality of service for passengers and consignors.