The main pipelines for servicing oil form a multilevel infrastructure that can not do without pumping stations. These are technological complexes in which various operations can be performed aimed at organizing the reception, preparation, distribution and content of oil products. At a basic functional level, an oil pumping station (PS) takes a resource from a low-pressure section and transfers it to a high-pressure line. To perform these and other tasks, special equipment is used.
Initial data for design
As the main documents for the development of the project of the oil pumping complex, the technical task, inspection materials, parameters for the structures and engineering survey results are used directly. With regard to taking into account external conditions, the average seasonal temperature, seismicity, wind loads, freezing of the soil, etc. are estimated. Data are also prepared on the working site where the infrastructure will be located. In this part, the built-up area, the area with a fence, the landscaping area, the contours of roads, exits and parking lots are noted. Of course, the design of the oil pumping station cannot do without technological parameters that relate directly to the functions of the complex. This information includes the following indicators:
- The density of oil.
- Oil viscosity.
- Pumping ratio under uneven conditions.
- Pressure indicators.
- The pour point of the medium.
- Optimal pressure control.
- Percentage of sulfur in oil.
Design work
The design of the station is carried out in several stages. Based on the above data, a work plan for the construction of the main structures is compiled. Their number, technical and operational parameters and functional support also depend on the means and methods of servicing oil. At the next stage, the technological design of configurations and schemes is carried out, according to which the installation of equipment and related devices will be performed. A separate place in the project will be occupied by the communications organization plan, which will include pipes, thermowells, pipes and other service loops, units and assemblies. At the final stage, the design of oil pumping stations involves the development of lighting systems, water supply, ventilation and fire-alarm systems.
Composition of objects with tanks
Depending on the functional tasks, the following zones are designed: a production site, administrative buildings, a treatment plant sector. A separate building is reserved for the operation of the pumping unit. The control equipment of the oil pumping station in this composition will be represented by the operator's room, as well as the cooling control and oil circuit regulation departments.
Two control nodes should be dedicated to the needs of pressure control. Pump water supply is also located in a separate block. Compulsory means are also provided for monitoring technical fluids for compliance with fire and explosion safety requirements. If the oil pumping station is located in a cold region, then the requirements for air regulation power in technological zones increase.
Composition of objects without reservoirs
The basic composition of the equipment as a whole will be the same as in the case of complexes with tanks. But in this case, more emphasis will be placed on the maintenance of the tank farm. In particular, the infrastructure is complemented by a drainage system, which will also ensure the collection of technological leaks. Underground tanks should be provided , supplemented by oil pumping pumps. In addition to tanks, a system is organized with governing bodies, pipe fittings and valves. During operation, oil pumping stations with reservoirs are controlled from a room with electric drive valves. They are intended, inter alia, for the maintenance of fire extinguishing systems.
Automation Tools
Equipment for automatic telemechanization is designed to protect and control pumping communications, as well as for centralized management. The energy supply of this complex should be provided by autonomous generators. Telemechanics also includes instrumentation, which will send accounting data on the state of technological equipment to the central control unit. The design decision should take into account the list of data that characterize the efficiency of the oil pumping station of the main oil pipelines, as well as the volume of the served resource. In the future, based on statistical information, a decision can be made to modernize the complex in order to increase its productivity. Initially, the project should allow for the possibility of expanding the infrastructure and increasing the capacity of the station.
Fire-fighting equipment
A separate project is being developed for each site of the station, indicating the requirements for providing fire protection. In particular, for enclosed facilities, extinguishing systems using high-level foam, and in some cases gas extinguishing agents, are recommended . For tanks, sublayer quenching systems and water cooling are used. It is important to emphasize that all the systems mentioned must be controlled automatically. This can be, for example, point spray devices that are triggered based on the readings of fire and smoke sensors. If the oil pumping station has oil and fuel oil storage facilities, then extinguishing agents for film-forming low-level foam are used. Such equipment directs the material from above, allowing you to cope with the extinguishing of highly viscous oil.
Conclusion
Recently, against the background of toughening requirements for environmental protection, design organizations are paying more and more attention to the environmental component. Mostly safety measures in this area are achieved through the rational use of energy resources and reduction of emissions. In addition, the oil pumping station is equipped with the latest models of air and liquid purification. At work sites, regulations are introduced indicating the rules of sanitary and hygienic purposes. Around the territory where the complex and its infrastructure facilities are located, technological land allocation bands are also provided.