Skolkovo - what is it?

Skolkovo is an innovative complex located beyond the MKAD. In 2010-2011 he was described as the “Russian Silicon Valley”. Skolkovo is a science city being built from scratch to develop and commercialize new technologies. The complex will provide special economic conditions for enterprises engaged in priority sectors of the Russian economy. Let us further consider in detail what the Skolkovo innovation center is , what activities are carried out in it and what regulatory acts govern the work.

Project

In 2010, D. Medvedev, the then President of the Russian Federation, signed the Federal Law No. 244 regulating the activities of entities (enterprises and individuals) in the Skolkovo complex. Along with this, the project of creating the territory itself and infrastructure facilities was approved. The implementation is carried out by the Skolkovo Foundation. The result of its activities should be a self-developing and self-governing Ecosystem, favorable for carrying out entrepreneurial activity and expanding research, contributing to the formation of companies competitive in the world market. The project stipulates that by 2020 in an area of ​​2.5 million square meters. m will work and live about 50 thousand citizens. Currently, the construction of the Skolkovo Panorama residential complex is nearing completion. Presumably at the end of the year the houses will be commissioned. On February 27 this year, the buildings "Hypercube", "Technopark", the Boeing International Aviation Academy, and the recreation center "Flight" have already been built and are being used . On the territory of the latter is located the development department of the Fund. Currently, the commissioning of new facilities. At the end of 2016, it is planned to commission the Almatey business center, the Skolkovo residential complex (blocks 9, 10, 11), the Matryoshka building with interior decoration.

Location

Initially, the complex occupied the territory of an urban settlement near the village of Skolkovo. It is located in the east of the Odintsovo district, west of the Moscow Ring Road. The territory of the complex was included in the capital region as part of a large-scale expansion of its area. Since July 2012, it belongs to the region of Mozhaisk Western AO. On an area of ​​400 hectares, approximately 15 thousand people will live permanently. About 7 thousand will come to work at Skolkovo. Moscow and the region are the main sources of labor for the complex. The city is limited to three routes. They are Skolkovo and Minsk highway, as well as the Moscow Ring Road.

Urban planning concept

It was selected and approved in 2011, February 25. The urban development concept called Urbanvillages was developed by AREP. This is a French company specializing in transport solutions. As the city manager of the Fund, V. Maslakov, noted , one of the key points of the concept is the possibility of its phased implementation. The project is based on the principle of variability and flexibility - the ability of the territory to adapt to changes in a relatively short time within the framework of the long-term development strategy of the complex. Such mobility allows you to more effectively respond to market changes. It is planned to divide the entire territory into 5 villages - according to the number of directions in which the Skolkovo center operates. At the same time, a common zone will be created here, where the guest part will be located. It is planned to build a research university, sports, cultural buildings, medical facilities serving workers at Skolkovo. Park and recreation areas will also be created on the territory of the complex.

Key principles of the concept

The project is implemented on the basis of the following provisions:

1. Public space, residential buildings, service infrastructure, as well as directly workplaces will be located within walking distance. The compactness and multifunctionality of the building ensures activity in the area, regardless of the time of day.
2. Low floors and high density of buildings allow you to get more useful area than the construction of high-rise buildings. This method of using space is one of the most effective.
3. To preserve the environment, the project provides for a renewable model of resource support. Waste will not be taken out of the city, but disposed of in special complexes. In addition, it is planned to use renewable energy sources - from solar panels and rainwater to geothermal sites.

In accordance with the project, the construction of energy-active and passive buildings in Skolkovo is envisaged . These will be buildings that generate more energy than they consume or practically do not spend the resources of external sources.

Legal Terms

In March 2010, the question arose of the need for a special regime on the territory of Skolkovo. This discussion was supported by D. Medvedev. In late April, he said that the Government was entrusted with the development of a special administrative, customs, tax and legal regime in the territory. E. Nabiullina also participated in the discussion. She stated that it was proposed to establish the features of the legal status of the territory in a separate law. This normative act would introduce a number of features of Skolkovo. It:

1. Customs and tax incentives.
2. Simplified technical regulations and urban planning procedures.
3. Special fire safety requirements and sanitary regulations.
4. Facilitating interactions with power structures.

A. Dvorkovich, in turn, said that it is planned to introduce a ten-year vacation for deductions from profits, land and property taxes, and the social contribution rate will be 14%.

Visa and migration regimes

In August 2010, the State Duma was actively discussing a bill providing for simplification of accounting procedures for highly qualified specialists who arrived from abroad, as well as their relatives. The normative act should ensure the involvement of valuable personnel not only in Skolkovo. Jobs for foreign citizens are posted by many large companies. In this regard, the bill is aimed at attracting workers to Russia as a whole. At the end of August 2010, a government decree was published, according to which the visa regime for subjects participating in the Skolkovo project was regulated. According to the provisions of the document, a highly qualified foreign specialist who enters the Russian Federation for employment will be issued a visa for 30 days. When hired, it will be extended to three years.

Transport infrastructure

Accessibility of facilities will be ensured through a dense network of streets and roads. In this case, information technologies will be used to ensure effective management of flows and infrastructure as a whole. Inside the complex, priority is given to cyclists, pedestrians and public transport. Routes of commuter trains from Kiev and Belorussky stations are planned. In addition, it is supposed to provide communication between the southern and northern parts of the science city. The Skolkovo Center will also be connected with the Vnukovo Airport. In addition, it was proposed to maintain the helipad of the Ministry of Emergencies, located on the territory. In mid-June 2010, I. Shuvalov and B. Gromov opened a reconstructed road from 53 km of the Moscow Ring Road to the village of Skolkovo.

Financing

The budget allocation for the development of Skolkovo by 2020 should amount to, according to the project, 125.2 billion rubles. The corresponding order was signed on August 13, 2013. At least half of the cost of creating the Skolkovo complex is private investment. According to calculations, for each m2 of the territory there will be more than 20 thousand rubles.

Features of financial policy

Corresponding articles are included in the federal budget for the development of the project: to promote activities to expand the infrastructure, develop documentation for non-commercial facilities, and research. In early August 2010, the Ministry of Finance published key areas of financial policy. In accordance with them, from the federal budget it was planned in 2011 - 15 billion rubles, in 2012 - 22, in 2013 - 17.1 billion rubles. In 2010, about 4 billion rubles were allocated. Financial policy involves the placement of part of the funds in banks and transfer to trust. The planned income from this is 58.85 million rubles. 225 ml was allocated for financing design and survey work. p., to develop a concept for building up space - 10 million p., the Skolkovo residence should cost 401.2 million p., of which 143.8 million p. to ensure the social protection of employees. PR project support should cost 38.7 million, advertising and placement of media products - 92.8 million, branding - 12.9 million, blogs and website - 3.1 million rubles. The key cost group was called “Creating an Innovative Atmosphere and Pilot Projects”. It is planned to spend 3.4 billion rubles on them. Of these, about 2.6 billion was to go to projects agreed upon with the president’s modernization commission, and 287 million was to go to programs that the management company of the Fund itself should have chosen. To create the "Intellectual Property Complex, providing work for patent attorneys, in accordance with 22 intergovernmental agreements in which Russia takes part, 150 million rubles were planned.

Guide

The president and one of the co-chairs is V. Vekselberg. The second person in the management staff is C. Barrett (former head of Intel). In the advisory scientific council, Zhores Alferov and prof. Structural Biology R. Kornberg. The head of the board of trustees is D. Medvedev.

Technopark

Its goal is to provide the project participating enterprises with the necessary assistance for the effective development of their assets and corporate structure. For this, certain services are provided. Technopark works in the following areas:

1. Team building.
2. Establishment of corporate procedures and business processes.
3. Recruitment of functional units (legal department, accounting, marketing services, etc.).
4. Ensuring the protection of intellectual property.
5. Image building and promotion of services / products.
6. Training in innovation management.
7. Management of premises designed for incubation activities.
8. Providing access to equipment at the disposal of Skolkovo divisions and partners.
9. Organization of interaction with domestic and international investment communities, venture funds.
10. Providing the opportunity to use the technological and scientific expertise of the Technological Institute and other partner research and academic institutions.
11. Providing a full range of services in the field of business incubation.
    

Educational projects

One of the most promising and early projects is the Skolkovo business school. In addition, the Open University operates. It does not act as a traditional university, since graduates do not receive diplomas of higher education. It was established to form a reserve of graduate students and undergraduates for the future technological university and interns for partner enterprises. The directions in which training is carried out in OTUs coincide with the types of activity of clusters: energy-efficient and energy, computer and biomedical technologies, space, and nuclear.

Institute

In June 2011, V. Vekselberg and R. Rife signed an agreement on the formation of a new university. Its working title is the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology. The agreement is based on the principles of project education, which require cooperation on the basis of exchange of modules in the framework of the MBA program. Skolkovo Institute will be headed by E. Crowley - prof. Massachusetts University of Technology. As the founders plan, it will be the first international research complex capable of integrating business activities into the educational program. The institute will be organized as a non-profit private educational institution. His work will be overseen by an international independent board of trustees.

Clusters

There are five of them in the Skolkovo Fund. They correspond to the same number of areas of technology development. The work of the cluster of biomedical technologies consists in creating drugs for the treatment and prevention of severe pathologies, including oncological and neurological ones. Much attention is paid to the development of tools to combat cardiovascular diseases, to maintain the immune system. The participants in the cluster of computer and information technologies are working on the creation of multimedia search models, effective new-generation security systems. High-performance schemes for computing and storing information are being developed. In the cluster of telecommunications and space technologies, participants create a commercial segment of the rocket and space industry. One of the priority areas is work in the field of energy technology. As of mid-August 2014, 263 companies became members of the cluster. One of the key tasks of their activity is to reduce energy consumption by utilities, industry, and municipal infrastructure. The nuclear technology cluster supports innovations in the use of laser, beam, nuclear, and plasma systems. As of mid-August 2014, 300 companies participated in the work. The priority is the provision of radiation protection and safety. The participating companies are developing new materials, equipment, coatings for non-destructive testing, new types of fuel. Resident enterprises are involved in power engineering, designing laser devices, and medical equipment. One of the most important points in the cluster's activities is also the solution of problems associated with the processing of radioactive substances.