Any sentence of the Russian language can be divided into component parts, which in science are called "members of the sentence." Among them, the main and secondary stand out. Without the main ones, most of the sentences cannot exist; they form its basis, while the secondary ones make the text more informative and rich. What are the main and secondary members offers?
The main
The subject and predicate in the sentence are its main members.
- Subject means an item that performs an action. The questions that will help to find it during parsing are "who?" (if the action is performed by an animate object) or "what?" (if the proposal refers to a phenomenon or inanimate object).
- The predicate is most often expressed by the verb and means the action that the subject performs. Questions for definition - "what does what will do?"
Here is an example: A good mood helped the boys overcome difficulties . To the question “what” in our example, the word “mood” answers, it is it that is subject and is emphasized by one line in the analysis. To find the predicate, we ask the question: "Mood, what did?" It helped. This word is the predicate, expressed by the verb, underlined by two features. As a result, the proposal with the main members found looks like this: A good (what?) Mood (underlined by a solid line) (what did?) Helped (underlined by two continuous horizontal stripes) the boys overcome difficulties.
How to find out the subject and predicate during parsing
To avoid making a mistake, figuring out where the subject is, and what the predicate is, you should use the help table.
How to find the subject and predicate| Parameter | Subject | Predicate |
| Value | Main character | The action that the subject commits, or what is said about the subject |
| Questions Answered | Who! What? | What is he doing? What will do? |
| Part of speech | Noun, pronoun, numeral. Always in the nominative case. Less commonly, an adjective, a verb. | Verb. Less commonly, a noun. |
First of all, you should find the character by asking the question: “Who? What? ”, This will be the subject. Then look for the predicate.
Minor
To parse the proposal by members, one should be able to find circumstances, definitions and additions. It is they who are secondary members, whose purpose is to specify and clarify the main (or other secondary) ones. How to find them?
- Definition Questions that will help him find in the sentence - "what", "whose".
- Addition. Most often, questions of indirect cases are asked to him: “to whom (what)”, “with whom (with what)”, “about whom (about)” and others. That is, the questions of all cases, in addition to the nominative.
- Circumstance. You can find it by asking questions of adverbs or adverbs: "where," "where," "why," "how," "where," and the like.
We give an example. Find the main and secondary members. offers:
A little boy hurriedly walked along the path.
There is a parse proposal for members, it turns out like this:
(what, definition) A small (who, subject) boy (like circumstance) hastily (what he did, the predicate) walked (by what, addition) along the path.
Each major and minor member The proposal answers its own question, carries a certain load and performs its own role in the proposal.
How to recognize
In order to prevent errors in identifying additions, definitions and circumstances, you can use this summary table-hint.
Minor members| Parameter | Determination | Addition | Circumstance |
| Value | Characterizes the sign of the subject | Means item | It matters the place, time, mode of action |
| Questions | Which one? Which, which, which? Whose? | Indirect cases: to whom (what), by whom (what) and others | Where, where, where, why, when, how - all adverbs |
| What is expressed | Adjective Participle Cardinal number The case coincides with the case of the main word. | Noun (both with and without preposition) Pronoun Case can be anything but nominative | Adverb Noun |
| As emphasized | Wavy line | Dotted line | Dash point |
| Example | (Which one?) A beautiful vase stood in (whose?) Mom's room. | The kid was carrying (what?) A basket (with what?) With mushrooms. | (where?) In the forest (when) it was damp in the fall. |
To identify which member of the proposal is before us, you should first ask a question.
Additional Tips
To find the main members of the proposal, you must follow the rules. The subject and the predicate are not a phrase, this is a sentence, albeit a very short one. The main members are independent of each other.
Parsing should begin with the discovery of the subject, then it becomes clear what the predicate is, how it is expressed. Then you should identify the subject group with questions, only after that - the predicate group. Each minor member is dependent:
- from one of the main;
- from one of the secondary.
In one sentence, there may be several major and minor members. offers. If there are several basics, then the sentence is complex - complex or complex. If there are several definitions, additions, circumstances, but the basis is the same, then the sentence is simple widespread.
You can often find appeals, for example: Katya, go do your homework. Despite the fact that the appeal “Katya” resembles the subject, it is not a member of the proposal and is designated as an appeal.
Difficult cases
Not all major and minor proposals appear obvious. Complex but interesting cases are varied:
- In a one-part sentence, there is only one main member. It was getting dark (this predicate, the sentence is impersonal). Today we were told (a predictable, vague-personal sentence) that the exam was canceled.
- The predicate may include the name adjective: The weather was rainy. In this example, the combination “was rainy” is a compound nominal predicate.
- The predicate may include several verbs: Today, Vasya began to study. “Started to do it” is a compound verb predicate.
Primary and secondary members sentences must be allocated correctly when parsing sentences.