Declension refers to changes in nouns in numbers and cases. Previously, six declensions stood out, now there are three. Let us dwell briefly on the main three declensions of nouns in order to understand their features. We will consider the singular, because in the plural there are many of their own characteristics in declension. Only then can one quickly and easily realize what divergent nouns are.
In high school, students already know that the first declension includes nouns in the singular, masculine, feminine, and general gender, in the nominative case, ending in -a and -i.
For example: mom, wall, share, uncle, youth, earth.
I.P. wall
R.P. wall
D.P. wall
V.P. wall
T.P. by the wall
P.P. about the wall
The second declension includes singular nouns of the middle gender, in which the word ends with the letters - o and - e (field, window, mood) and masculine without ending (horse, ray, law, light). The second declension of the noun in the instrumental case has the ending - em or - om.
I.P. mood
R.P. mood
D.P. mood
V.P. mood
T.P. mood
P.P. about mood
The third declension is feminine nouns with no ending or with a soft sign at the end. For example: horse, steppe, daughter, mother.
I.P. mother
R.P. mother
D.P. mother
V.P. mother
T.P. mother
P.P. about mother
Nouns of the third declension in the prepositional, dative, and genitive cases preserve the ending - and.
Controversial nouns are ancient words whose endings in cases are characteristic of different declensions. There are very few such words. These include the masculine noun - the path, the word child and the words of the middle gender:
- Name Flame
- Time Banner
- Udder tribe
- Burden Stirrup
- Crown seed
When declensing, a suffix - en is added to all cases, except for the instrumental case. Words ending in singular use the rules of the third declension.
In the plural and in the instrumental case, these words stick around according to the rules of the second declension.
Units number / Multip. number
I.P. tribe / tribes
R.P. tribe / tribes
D.P. tribe / tribes
V.P. tribe / tribes
T.P. by tribe / tribes
P.P. about the tribe / about the tribes
The word path in the instrumental case is inclined in the second declension, in other cases - in the third.
Different nouns have features that are important for all students to know:
- In the plural in all cases the suffix - en is added (tenses, tenses, tenses, names, by names, about names).
- In the singular in all cases, except for the nominative and the accusative, the suffix - en (seed, burden, crown, about crown) is added.
- In the plural in words, the seed and the stirrup in the genitive case add the suffix - yang (seed, stirrup).
- In the singular in the instrumental case, the suffix - is added, and the words are bowed as in the second declension (by tribe, seed).
- In the singular in the dative, prepositional and genitive cases, the words end with - and are inclined according to the rules of the 3rd declination (about the banner, there is no udder, to the name).
- The word path has an ending - in the singular and in the instrumental case (path).
- The word child in the plural, in the instrumental case ends in mi (children).
Diffused nouns the path and child in the singular change in a special way, and this must be remembered.
I.P. way child
R.P. paths, children
D.P. of the way, children
V.P. path, child
T.P. by way of child
P.P. about the way, about the child
Plural nouns children and stirrups have their own nuances.
I.P. children, stirrups
R.P. children, stirrups
D.P. to children, stirrups
V.P. children, stirrups
T.P. by children, stirrups
P.P. about children, about stirrups
Given the exceptions to the rules, when declensing dissonant nouns, you can avoid simple mistakes when writing dictations and essays.