Speech is a form of communication that has developed between people for a very long time. In each language, it is distinguished by its special specificity and certain rules. And in order to correctly speak and state your thoughts, you need to know what types of speech exist in the Russian language.
External speech
There is an extended classification, but there is a minimal one. I would like to pay attention to the first thing the second of these. So this is external speech and internal. What is the first? It includes such types of speech in the Russian language as oral (monological and dialogical) and written. Everyone knows that such a dialogue is a communication between a few or two people. A monologue is a statement of information by only one person. By the way, all this is also a form of direct speech. After all, the presentation is conducted in the first person, and not by retelling. And finally, a few words about writing. It is also a kind of monologue, only a little more detailed. This is due to the fact that there is no feedback from the opponent.
Inner speech
This is a very special look. Internal speech is a kind of planning phase, both in theoretical and in practical activities. It is for this reason that such signs as fragmentary and fragmentary are characteristic of it. But at the same time, there are absolutely no misunderstandings that can sometimes appear in the process of perceiving a situation. To move from internal to external speech, we must try to expand the topic as clearly as possible so that it is understandable to the interlocutor.
Modern literary language
The basis of any culture is a literary language. Speaking about the types of oral speech, you can not deprive him of attention. It is he who is the highest form of manifestation of culture. The literary language has absorbed all the best from the diverse Russian language, and despite the fact that over time it changes and will continue to undergo changes, all its wealth - syntactic constructions, turns and words - all this will continue to exist further. What can be said about the literary style of speech? Perhaps the fact that he is cleansed of vernacular, dialects and jargon. There are no random, illiterate and temporary words - in the literary language only the most valuable norms apply. Although, if we talk about modernity, in fairness it should be noted that he acquired a certain multifunctionality. Literary language began to be used in almost all areas of activity (both in public and in individual) - for the development of experience, the transfer of certain data, the expression of feelings and emotions. Today, the literary style of speech is most often used by representatives of such fields of activity as the media (television, radio and print media), cinema, legislation and education.
Spoken style
It occupies a special place in such a classification as types of speech in the Russian language. There are many reasons for this. Firstly, it is most often found in our life, since it is used in completely different types of everyday household relationships. Conversation has an important place in people's lives. After all, this is the style of speech that we use daily. For the conversational style of speech, ease is characteristic of the first thing. It differs from the book-written language both in its form (dialogic oral speech operates here) and in specific features. The conversational style is characterized by a certain simplicity, unpreparedness and spontaneity. There is no normalization, however, there are some norms that apply to the way of communicating with certain people. This can be seen if you compare the conversation of close friends and family conversation at the table.
Forms
A few words should also be said about the forms of speech in the Russian language. The first thing worth noting is speaking, that is, to put it scientifically, sending sound signals in order to transmit information. The second type is listening, perceiving these data and their awareness. The third type is writing, that is, the way information is transmitted in graphic characters. And finally, reading is a reproduction of what is written. It is also worth mentioning the basic elements of speech technology. First of all, this is diction. Proper voice education skills are also important. And finally, speech breathing (phonation). All this together affects the formation of literate speech. In addition, the person who owns all of the above can be easier and faster to understand.
Scientific style of speech.
Also plays a huge role in the field of communications and communication. Its basis is the written form of speech. Indeed, the scientific style is used primarily to convey information to people in the process of public speaking of an official nature, to defend dissertations, reports and other written works, at conferences, etc. That is, unlike colloquial speech, such performances are planned and, accordingly, in order to demonstrate really good knowledge of the material, certain notes are made. The use of the written form, in fact, makes it possible to carefully think over the information, correct or supplement it, and work on the presentation. All this together contributes to the development of thinking and the use of much more complex language structures. This, in fact, is what distinguishes written speech from oral. In addition, all sorts of unfinished constructions, illogical phrases and repetitions in such cases would be a stylistic mistake.
Writing Thoughts
All types of speech in Russian are distinguished by their specificity, history and features. This should be remembered when studying this topic. Types of written speech also play an important role in the formation of the modern Russian language. After all, an integral part of interpersonal communication is the wording of quotes and retelling of texts seen elsewhere. The history of writing has brought us three types of writing. The first is a pictographic letter designating the expression of thoughts with the help of drawings and diagrams. Following was ideography - to this day it is used in our life, only in Chinese writing. And finally, the most common form is speech writing. Everything is simple here - a person writes down what he hears and pronounces.
Journalism
Speaking about the types of spoken language, one cannot but notice this topic. Another common style is journalistic. It is used in order to correctly inform people of any data and act on them in order to convince or incite to carry out certain actions. Not all individuals are able to present information in this way; for this, certain character traits, perfect mastery of all speech styles, psychological skills and, possibly, the gift of persuasion are required. The journalistic style is used mainly in the media. Today you can find a huge number of works written in this way - a variety of essays, feuilletons, reports, notes and articles. In addition, many speakers and presenters use a journalistic style to present their material. However, here you need to feel a fine line. After all, the journalistic style is a cross between a scientific, official-business and conversational one.
List of styles
For better assimilation of the material, either a list or a table is usually compiled. Speech styles can also be memorized in this way. The most used and widespread are scientific, journalistic, official-business, conversational and artistic. A similar table of speech styles is presented in a visual way, and if you expand it by supplementing it with information about the fields of application, characteristics and genre features, you will be able to master the topic in its entirety. The way it is usually styled can be shown by the example of the two styles described above.
Style | Functions | Area of use | Genres | Specific traits | Style features |
Scientific | Communication and explanation of scientific facts and information. | The official setting .. | Report, scientific article and non-fiction. | Accuracy, generalization, logic and objectivity. | Terms, the predominance of impersonal and complex sentences, the repetition of keywords. |
Journalistic | Impact and message. | Political, cultural and social relations. | Interviews, reporting, essay, feuilleton, newspaper article, speech. | Emotionality, appeal, appraisal, general accessibility, logic. | Spoken and colloquial words, introductory constructions and words, phraseological units. |
In general, it must be said, they have been learning the language since childhood and improve it throughout their lives. First come the types of coherent speech, which is important to educate the child at a very young age, then more complex topics. Particular attention should be paid to this at school. Russian language (4th grade) is one of the most important subjects. It is necessary to study it, since proper language skills in any case will be needed by children in the future. The school curriculum is quite complex, it includes the study of spelling, syntax, punctuation, stylistics, semantics and much more. However, one should remember how diverse our Russian language is. Grade 4, high school or graduation years - this subject must always be studied, developing and improving your skills.