Phraseologisms, idioms, catch phrases, speech turns are all stable expressions that are used for accurate and accurate remarks in speech. Often a good word gets into the language from the pages of a book or is constantly on hearing, being a line from a song. The movie you like is immediately parsed into quotes. In our information age, even some professionalisms and jargon have become the property of society, and the integration of foreign words into the mother tongue brings with it new well-established expressions.
From the depths of centuries, native Russian, popular, stable expressions have come to us. Over time, the meaning of many has changed, so it is impossible to translate them into another language verbatim. Such phrases grow into native speech, are its very essence. A person who builds his speech from them is considered an educated and interesting conversationalist.
From books
After Cyril and Methodius translated the scriptures, many persistent expressions appeared in the Russian language. Often they contain obsolete words, archaisms, nevertheless, they are often used by writers, so many who have not read the Bible are familiar with expressions such as:
- I wash hands.
- Like the apple of an eye.
- Their name is Legion.
- Promised land.
- Who does not work shall not eat.
Some compare phraseological units with amber. It is being formed gradually, and this is gaining increasing value. Only that the author’s successful expression was not forgotten, but began to be used, already speaks of its significance. And if it lives for centuries - this is the true jewel of native speech.
But not only deep legends replenish the dictionary of phraseological units. There are masterpieces of our time. These are the literary finds of Ilf and Petrov, which number about four hundred:
- The key to the apartment where the money is.
- Dream come true idiot.
- The ice has broken.
- Distribution of elephants.
- Now the body will be removed.
- Saw, Shura, saw.
- I read the Criminal Code.
- The father of Russian democracy.
- Blue thief.
From songs
Edith Piaf was serious about the lyrics of her songs, realizing that they can do a lot for people: comfort, compassion, share grief and joy. Popular songs are always nearby: they sound on the radio, they are sung during work. For each mood, you can find the right line, and if it comes to serious - what could be better to express an idea.
Many of the words of V. S. Vysotsky became proverbs:
- The giraffe is big, he knows better.
- What you are not close, not affectionate.
- He was unhappy in his own way - a fool.
Examples of persistent expressions from songs by other authors:
- Duty on April.
- My blue-eyed girl.
- Well, where are your pens.
- Who's new?
- You say what they need.
- Ah, what a woman!
- My darling.
- Summer is a small life.
- My dear, the sun of the forest.
- People die for metal.
- Wake up and sing!
- The heart of a beautiful woman is prone to treason.
- I'm going all this in Dolce Gabbana.
From the movies
Favorite films have not only a fascinating plot, but also contain great dialogues. Sentences with persistent expressions go to the people. And then even those who did not watch the film or who did not like it are forced to note the successfully spoken word. Here is some of them:
- East is a delicate matter.
- I'm not a coward, but I'm afraid.
- Do not make a cult of food.
- Announce the entire list, please!
- Why did you offend the noblewoman, smerd?
- Leave me alone, old woman, I'm sad!
- Whose will you be?
- Warmed, robbed.
- I'm sorry for the bird.
- In short, Sklifosofsky!
- And who doesn’t drink? Name it! No, I'm waiting!
- High relationship.
- This is my cross and carry it to me!
- Young man, express yourself faster!
Professionalism
Each profession has its own terms that are understandable only to a narrow circle of professionals. But some of them are well known to everyone because they have become stable expressions.
Medical Professionals:
- Delirium Tremens.
- To bleed.
- Hippocratic oath.
- Medicine is powerless here.
- As the doctor ordered.
- To diagnose.
- The patient is more likely alive than dead.
The slang of journalists penetrates the native language through articles and reports. Some persistent expressions and their meaning:
- Pour water - add non-factual suggestions.
- OBS - an abbreviation of the expression "one woman said."
- Fishing rod - microphone on a stick.
- A duck is a fiction of a journalist.
- The fourth power is the power of the press.
Foreign words
Some stable expressions in the Russian language appeared at a time when it was customary to speak French in society:
- Bonton is a good tone, the ability to keep oneself in society.
- Moveton - bad taste.
- Tete-a-tete - literally "head to head." Means face-to-face conversation.
With the advent of educated people in society, the use of Latin is becoming the norm. Many phrases have become stable expressions. In addition, it was considered acceptable for concepts that were not harmonious in the native language to use Latin. The forester from the operetta “The Bat”, answering the question where he was wounded, says: “I don’t know how it will be in Latin, but without Latin it’s better not to speak.” Latin expressions are used now:
- Alma Mater - literally: “mother-nurse”, used in the figurative meaning of the university.
- Homo sapiens - the systematization of the biological species of man, "intelligent man."
- Ying wine veritas - literally: the truth is in “wine”.
- Memento mori - in the translation "remember death." After the film "Prisoner of the Caucasus" received the addition of "instantly at sea."
- Perpetuum mobile - the name of the perpetual motion machine.
- PS (post scriptum) - a literal translation of "after what is written." After the film "Love and Pigeons" received the pronunciation of "Py Sy."
- Terra incognita - literally "uncharted land." In a figurative sense, any area of knowledge that is still unknown to man.
- Veni, see, vici - the literal translation "came, saw, won." The expression received many parodies: came, saw, fled; came, saw, punished, etc.
Conclusion
A person's ability to search for elegant expressions and enjoy a well-spoken word does not depend on the level of education, age and nationality. Each family has its favorite phrases. Often cited grandmother with her archaisms or a child who invented a new word. This expresses the desire for creativity.
But if intra-family idioms remain for a narrow circle, then universally recognized phraseological units are the public domain.