In the study of morphology, students at each school level have to study parts of speech. Constant and inconstant signs of an adjective, children will recognize in the fifth grade. We will analyze their features in detail.
Adjective
This group of parts of speech is colorful and elegant. Not a single text can do without it, even if it is of scientific content. Adjectives help us describe the size (long, large, tiny), tell about someone's appearance (cute, red-haired), point out the colors (white, yellow-blue, purple), reveal feelings (sad, funny, angry).
In its initial form, it is used in the masculine singular. The main questions it answers: which? whose? It is in this version that you can find the search word in the spelling or explanatory dictionary.
In the Russian language there is the concept of “permanent and intermittent signs.” It means that any part of speech has a complex of certain qualities and characteristics that need to be studied. And the adjective in this case is no exception.
Persistent symptoms
Any competent student knows that all parts of speech have their own characteristics.
Quite difficult to study are the constant and inconstant signs of the adjective.
The first are discharges. Usually they are divided into three groups.
The most productive category is high-quality adjectives. Judging from the name, we can understand that they are intended to describe certain characteristics of objects.
They differ from other categories in that they can form short forms by truncating the end.
For example: the great is great, the constant is constant, the light is bright.
Another special difference is the ability to compare one quality with another. In linguistics, this is called the degree of comparison.
For example: cool - cooler (cooler) - cooler (coolest).
These features distinguish quality adjectives from all others. No discharge has so many possibilities.
Remember, if in doubt, this is a constant and inconsistent attribute of the adjective, remember that only categories are classified as the first.
The next group differs from the others in question. Only possessive adjectives can answer the question “ whose?” ". This category indicates belonging to any animal or person.
For example: wolf footprint, shark eye.
The last group is relative adjectives. They suggest what time or place the word refers to. For example: spring drops (season), swimming pool (destination), forest coolness (place).
Inconsistent symptoms
All characteristics that may change under the influence of something are called inconstant. Unlike discharges, these can deviate from the initial version.
It is necessary to distinguish between constant and non-permanent signs of the adjective.
The first thing to name is the genus. All of them (male, middle and female) are inherent in the adjective.
For example: wall - dark - water.
The next is the number. This part of speech is used both in the singular and in the plural: any is different.
And, of course, the adjective changes in all cases. In this, it is similar to a noun.
Categories such as the degree of comparison and the ability to shorten the form apply only to high-quality adjectives. The remaining bits cannot do this.
Signs of adjectives (permanent and non-permanent) are indicated during morphological analysis. We indicate his plan below in the article.
Proposal role
Permanent and non-permanent signs of the adjective are studied in great detail in the lessons of the Russian language.
In addition, all possible syntactic functions are considered in detail.
Since it answers the question “what?”, It usually plays the role of definition in a sentence.
For example: We remembered a warm summer evening for a long time.
In the case when the adjective takes on the function of action, then it will be a predicate.
For example: The dress was colorful.
Sometimes in the Russian language there is such a thing as the transition of one part of speech to another. For example, the word "dining room" used to be an adjective. Now it is more often used as a noun, therefore in the nominative case it plays the role of the subject, and in the indirect case - additions.
Parse pattern
Before showing an example, it is necessary to develop a small plan that will help you not to get confused in the signs.
- Initial form and question.
- Grammatical features.
- Permanent and intermittent adjective.
- The role in the proposal.
Example: Guests are located in a cozy house.
- Cozy - an adjective name (what?).
- Sign.
- High quality.
- Masculine gender, prepositional case, singular, full form, positive degree.
- Function - Definition.
Now you can easily parse yourself. Be careful, adjectives are often confused with participles.