You rarely see a person who would not like milk or its processed products. Therefore, individuals capable of producing as much milk as possible, such as the Schweiz breed of cows , are very popular in animal husbandry .
Origin
The birthplace of this breed is Switzerland. The breed came from short-lived cattle that has long lived in mountainous areas - its remains are still found during excavations. The breed was created by careful selection and selection for a long time in conditions of improved content. The result was animals adapted to local conditions.
At the very beginning of the creation of the breed, the goal was not only to improve dairy and meat performance, but also to obtain animals that could carry out agricultural work. Over time, when the possibility of using cows was no longer considered, selection was aimed only at developing the productivity of meat and milk. Much attention was paid to the suit of cows. Gradually, the breed penetrated into Germany, Austria and Italy. Since the beginning of the 19th century, the breed began to be exported to European countries and America.
Differences in different countries
Since the breeding was carried out in countries that differ in natural and economic conditions, the Swiss breed of cows from different countries differs from each other. Significant changes have undergone the physique and productivity of animals. So, in Germany and Austria, the limbs of animals are lower, and the body is smaller. France and Italy focused on obtaining large animals with high feeding qualities and good milk production. Swiss and French animals have a yield of 6.3-6.7 thousand kg per year. In this case, milk with a fat content of up to 4.1% with a protein content of about 3.4%. The Austrian Swiss cow gives less milk - about 5-5.5 thousand kg.
Effect of content on milk yield
In Switzerland, differences in the productivity of animals in different pastures are noticeable. Thus, animals from lowland farms grazing in lush, fertile valleys show higher productivity than the same breed, but living in mountainous areas. In this case, the fat content remains the same.
Application
In European countries, they achieved the receipt of up to 10 thousand kg of milk per year from a cow. Fat content can reach 5%. Most often, milk from Schwyz cows is used to make high-quality hard cheeses.
Most of the European livestock has a dairy-meat type. In the United States, cows of this breed came in 1869. Dairy-type animals with regular high limbs, with a wide but flat chest, dense muscles were bred here. The mass of females is 700-750 kg, males are 1000-1200 kg. The productivity of adult animals is 7-8 thousand kg, up to 4.2% fat content. The brown Swiss breed of cows is one of six bred in the United States for milk.
Shvitskaya cow in Russia
This breed came to our country at the end of the 19th century. They began to import it into the landlord farms, because the peasants could not satisfy the high demands of the cow for feed. At that time, not only bulls, but also uterus, were imported. Since the beginning of the 20th century, producers of this breed were kept at random points. In addition to purebred breeding, the bulls participated in the improvement of local breeds. The best livestock of the beginning of the 20th century was bred in the Smolensk region (modern), in the stalls of the Moscow Academy of Agriculture. Tribal animals from here were transported throughout the country to improve local breeds.
The main direction of the Russian Shvitsky cow is dairy. However, in some farms, meat or dairy-meat types are bred.
Description
The dairy Schwitz breed of cows has an extended body, angular shapes. The muscles in these animals are poorly developed, the mass is less, but higher milk yield. The milk-meat type of cows is proportionally complex, has good musculature. By weight and productivity it does not differ much from dairy-type cows.
Brown color with various shades prevails: from light to dark brown. The Shvitsky cow, the description of which must meet the standards, has a characteristic sign - blond hair around the nose. The nasal mirror itself should resemble dark lead in color. The upper body should be lighter in color. Bulls have a darker coloration of the head, neck and front of the body.
Purchase
Schwyz breed cows are sold both domestically and for export. For large livestock farms, it is important to periodically purchase animals from other regions or countries. This is necessary to prevent the degeneration of the breed, which occurs with constant crossbreeding within the same herd. In addition, this is important for improving performance.
Private farms prefer to purchase cows of meat and dairy direction in order to realize the needs of their area at the same time in milk and meat. In state and private farms of our country, milk is used not only for the production of dairy products, but also for pure consumption.