Compound feed: types, composition, application

An indisputable fact is that for the full growth and development of farm animals and birds, the basis of the diet should be combined feed (compound feed). It should be noted that several recipes for animal feed have been developed for each type of domestic livestock. We will talk about species in our article.

Combined feed: types and purpose

Today, along with conventional natural feeds, animal breeding requires the use of combined mixtures. It is known that their use significantly increases productivity, weight gain and other indicators of animals.

Combined feed is a complex homogeneous composition, which consists of peeled and ground feed products with the addition of microadditives. They are created on the basis of scientifically based recipes and fully provide complete nutrition. When creating compound feeds, the type of animals, direction, degree of productivity, age must be taken into account. Please note that feed must be used for its intended purpose, otherwise it can lead to undesirable consequences.

At specialized enterprises, the following types of animal feed are produced:

• loose - fine, medium and coarse grinding;
• granular - having the form of dense lumps of a certain shape and size;
• in the form of briquettes - tiles having the correct geometric shape of a fixed size.

Feed value

In most feed mills, products are enriched with salts, trace elements, vitamins, synthetic amino acids and antibiotics. According to the feed value, two types of feed are distinguished:

1. Concentrates, the composition of which has a high content of protein, microadditives and minerals. Recommended for feeding along with succulent, coarse, grain feed products. This provides biologically complete feeding of animals.
2. Complete feeds. Such products fully satisfy the needs of livestock and poultry for biologically active and mineral substances, while having low costs per unit of production.

Compound feed for quail

When keeping any bird in the home yard, proper nutrition plays a decisive role. But especially optimally selected diet is needed for fast-growing quail. Combined feed in this case is an ideal solution, since their use greatly simplifies the preparation of the menu and facilitates the care of the bird. Currently, there are universal feeds, as well as age-specific features.

One of the most important components in the composition of feed for quail is the protein, which is necessary for chicks up to a month of age - during intensive growth. Its absence or insufficient amount in the diet of laying hens during oviposition can adversely affect their health. Recommended Diet:

1. From the first day after birth to 30 days, the chicks must be given compound feeds with a protein content of 24-27%, not only of plant but also animal origin.
2. The next 14 days, the bird is given food with a low protein content, enough from 17 to 24%.
3. Layers should receive about 21% of their total protein intake.

Cereals are the main source of nutrients. The most common of them in the manufacture of finished mixtures are as follows: corn, millet, barley, wheat. It should be noted that with oats (especially if it is not cleaned), you need to be careful, the rough shell of this culture can clog the bird's esophagus, which will lead to its death. Minerals, vitamins and amino acids are essential for poultry. In addition to grain, supplements can satisfy this need: oilcake, meal, yeast, crushed limestone, green feed, salt, chalk.

Chicken feed mixtures

It should be noted that a properly selected diet from the first days of life of chickens contributes to their rapid growth, excellent health, good weight gain. When choosing feed, it should be borne in mind that with age, the needs of poultry change, therefore, for the feeding of young animals and chicks, different in nutritional value, composition, and size of the feed pellets are developed. The following types are most popular for chickens: a full-mix mixture "Sun" and PK-5.

Compound feed "Sun"

This food contains all the necessary components for the full development of chicks. Due to the fact that this feed mixture has a balanced nutritional composition, it is recommended to use it for feeding chicks and other types of birds: ducklings, turkey poults, goslings.

Composition:

• vegetable protein - not less than 21.6%;
• amino acids - cystine, lysine, methionine;
• trace elements - copper, manganese, iron, zinc, iodine, cobalt, selenium;
• highly purified salt - not less than 0.16%;
• vitamins - A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, D3, B12, E, K, H, C;
• macronutrients - calcium and phosphorus;
• exchange energy: 3047 kcal.

Compound feed PK-5

One of the common ready-made feeds is PK-5 compound feed, which can be used from the first days of life. It will also be useful for chicks of other species of birds. A two- or three-phase feeding system is recommended:

1. During the first 30 days, chickens receive PK-5, after which they switch to finish feeding.
2. The first two weeks the chicks are fed with this product, after which they are transferred to food for growth, from 30 days of age the livestock is fed with the final mixture.

The composition of the feed includes:

• up to 37% of corn;
• about 30% of soybean meal;
• up to 20% of wheat;
• 6% rapeseed cake and p. oils;
• up to 2% beet molasses;
• 2-5% chalk;
• salts;
• soda;
• amino acids;
• phosphate;
• vitamin premix.

Compound feed for laying hens: composition

In this part of the article we’ll talk about which feed is better for laying hens. Most often it depends on the conditions in which the bird is kept. In the event that the chickens are in cages and they do not have the opportunity for walking, it is preferable to use friable feed, because they are easier to digest. And for those birds that have free range, granular compound feed is best. Well-proven PK-1, it has the following composition:

• 62.5% wheat;
• 7.5% limestone flour;
• 4% meat and bone meal;
• 17.5% sunflower meal;
• 2.5% feed yeast;
• 0.07% baking soda;
• 2.3% sunflower oil;
• 0.10% sodium chloride;
• fats, vitamins, minerals.

Combined feed series KK-1 are concentrated nutrition. In terms of their nutritional value, they are significantly inferior to PK-1 compound feed. This composition of compound feed for laying hens includes (in%):

• 40 wheat bran;
• 5 wheat;
• 5 barley;
• 3 fishmeal;
• 3 cake;
• 2 shells;
• 3 chalk.

Feed mixes for broilers

It should be noted that the content of broiler chickens for more than three months is inappropriate, since during this time they reach their maximum growth. When keeping broilers, first of all, they must be provided with high-calorie food. When buying feed, be sure to pay attention to its composition, it should contain the following components:

• proteins;
• protein;
• mineral components;
• vitamins;
• feed wheat ;
• corn.

The composition of the feed for broilers may vary depending on the type, but the listed components must be present in it. There are two types of combined feeds for broilers:

1. With the marking PK-5, with a numerical value added through a hyphen, they are intended for fattening chickens up to one month.
2. Compound feed PK-6 (also with a numerical value through a hyphen) is given to the bird for intensive growth and at the final fattening after the chickens have reached a month of age.

Table: composition of full feed for broiler chickens (in%)

The following components in various proportions are necessarily present in the feed for this type of bird:

1. Corn. Its specific gravity is about 60-65%. Depending on which cereals are included in it, they contain up to 70% of carbohydrates.
2. Squirrels. Their sources are amino acids, fishmeal, ground legumes, meal, meal.
3. Minerals: phosphates, salts, limestone.
4. Vitamin premixes.

Combined feed for rabbits

Compound feed for rabbits consists of a mixture of crushed grass, crushed grain and a number of other ingredients. Depending on the purpose and supplement, the following types of feed for rabbits are distinguished:

• concentrated,
• full-fledged,
• additional.

1. The concentrated feed contains a large number of ingredients. When included in the diet, such food can only be used with another.
2. Complete feed is most often used as the main food. It contains everything necessary for the normal development and growth of the substance.
3. Complementary feed. Contains many vitamins and minerals. In its pure form, rabbits do not use it for food, it goes as an additive to the main diet.

Vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids must be present in good quality feed. The basis of this feed is cereals, they are supplemented with ingredients with a large amount of protein:

• soybean meal;
• sunflower meal;
• bone flour;
• hydrolyzed yeast;
• vitamin grass meal.

The third group of components is necessarily tricalcium phosphate, chalk, salt, premixes.

Feed mixtures for pigs

Efficient feeding of pigs with the use of benign compound feed significantly improves health and has a positive effect on the productive qualities of animals.

Most pig farmers use only proven high-quality feed, because it is they that affect the quality of meat and fat. Experts identify five main types of feed for pigs:

• pre-starter (for suckling piglets);
• starting (up to one and a half months);
• growth (up to 8 months);
• finishing (for fattening pigs from a year);
• for boars (from a year).

In addition, some manufacturers produce compound feeds designed specifically for nursing mothers. All of them are divided into two types: full-feed, feed concentrates. Each type of combined mixture must be used strictly for its intended purpose. Form feed can be divided into the following types:

• cereals;
• baby
• granular;
• scattering.

In addition to concentrates for the full growth of animals, feed contains premixes, which can contain from 2 to 40 different components. Thanks to the use of these additives, the costs of the main feed are reduced on average by 30%. Compound feeds can contain up to 12 ingredients. Moreover, about 50% are 2 main crops, for example, such as oats and wheat or corn with barley. In addition, they include:

• salt;
• fatty components;
• fodder yeast;
• a piece of chalk;
• fish (bone) flour;
• oilcake (meal);
• premix;
• alfalfa flour.

The amount of these ingredients in combined mixtures may vary depending on the purpose (sow, piglets, fattening or slaughter) and the age of the animal.