😍 👍🏻 🚴🏾 Paired consonants in Russian: examples, table. Spelling of double consonants. What is a double consonant? 👩🏿‍🤝‍👨🏽 🚭 🏇🏽

In the elementary grades, the basis of spelling literacy is formed.

Everyone knows that the difficulty of the Russian language is largely due to the mismatch of spelling and pronunciation. Often this is due to paired consonants.

What is a double consonant?

All consonants are in opposition to each other according to their characteristic characteristics. One of them is the juxtaposition of sounds by deafness and sonority.

Some consonants, with the coincidence of all other features, such as the place of formation and the pronunciation method, differ only in the participation of the voice in the sounding process. They are called paired. The rest of the consonants do not have a pair of deafness-voiced: l, m, x, c, h, u, n.

Paired consonants		examples of words with paired consonants
Voiced (involving voice)	Deaf (no voice)	examples of words with paired consonants
[b]	[P]	table [b] s - table [p]
[in]	[f]	draw [v] a - draw [f]
[g]	[to]	doro [g] a - doro [k]
[d]	[t]	boro [d] a - boro [t] ka
[w]	[w]	blah [f] it - blah [w]
[h]	[from]	moro [h] ny - moro [s]

Paired consonants are given here. The table also contains examples that illustrate the spelling “Verifiable Root Consonants”.

The spelling rule for paired consonants

In the pronunciation process, paired sounds can be used interchangeably. But this process is not reflected in the letter. That is, the letters do not change, no matter what sounds we hear in their place. So in Russian, the principle of uniformity of morphemes is implemented. The spelling of paired consonants is completely subject to this law.

The rule can be stated in the following paragraphs:

the root of a word is always spelled the same way, since semantics depend on it;
spelling should be checked by selecting cognate words or changing word forms;
it is necessary to choose as a test one that has, after a dubious consonant, either a vowel or a sonor sound (p, l, m, n, d).

This can be seen in the examples from the table: consonant spelling stands either at the end of words, or in front of other paired sounds. In test words, they are in front of vowels or in front of unpaired phonemes.

Rule application

The spelling of paired consonants needs to be worked out. You need to start with the formation of the ability to see the spelling being studied. It will be the end of a word or a concourse, in which sounds begin to influence each other's sound - the next one changes the pronunciation quality of the previous one.

Spelling - double consonants
at the end of a word	in a concourse of consonants
bo [n] bro [t] bro [f '] nail [t '] ogoro [t] draw [w]	strip ko [z '] ba re [z '] ba goro [d '] ba shelter'] country [w]

Next, we develop the skill of selecting test words.

We change nouns and adjectives in numbers, cases, verbs in persons and numbers	We use suffixes, form other parts of speech
bo [n] - beans bro [t] - ford bro [f '] - eyebrows nail [t '] - nails ogoro [t] - vegetable gardens draw [w] - trembling	polo [s] ka - strip ko [z '] ba - mow re [z '] ba - cut goro [d '] ba - fence cro [in '] - blood stra [sh] - guard

When we know what a paired consonant is, it will not be difficult to conclude which option to choose:

bo [n] - beans - bean;
bro [t] - ford - ford;
bro [f '] - eyebrows - eyebrow;
nail [t '] - nails - nail;
ogoro [t] - vegetable gardens - vegetable garden;
dro [sh] - trembling - trembling;
polo [s] ka - strip - strip;
ko [z '] ba - mow - mowing;
re [z '] ba - cut - carving;
goro [d '] ba - city - city;
cro [in '] - blood - blood;
country [sh] - guard - guard.

Paired consonants. Word Distinction Examples

Deafness and sonorousness are able to distinguish words in meaning. For instance:

(soup) bush - (over the river) bush;
(telegraph) pillar - (Alexandria) pillar;
bark (oak) - (high) mountain;
(unbearable) heat - (surface) of the ball;
(bouquet) of roses - (boy) grew;
(new) house - (thick) volume.

In weak positions, at the end of words, for example, as in the example of “roses” and “grew”, a check is necessary to avoid semantic confusion. Paired consonants in the Russian language require an attentive attitude.

Test on the studied topic

1. What is a double consonant? _____________________________________________

2. Add the sentence:

To check paired consonants, you need _____________________________________

3. Highlight words that need verification:

Poogru..ka, root..y, gl..y, dress..y, losha..ka, sharp..ny, ready..to, do..ki, other..ny.

4. Write the sounds in square brackets :

herbs [..] ka, ry [..] ka, zu [..] ki, arbu [..], lo [..] ka, koro [..] ka, ko [..] ty.

5. Underline the check word:

Fairytale - fairy tale, head - head, pie - pies, ditch - groove, birch - birch, eyes - eyes, strip - stripes, copybook - notebook, spikelet - spikelets, jump - jumping

6. W or W?

Sapo ... ki, dar ... ki, boomers ... ki, kro ... ki, ro ... ki, porok ... ki, bar ... ki, lo ... ki, game ... ki, cha ... ki, I'll lay down ... ki.

7. Write down the test words and insert the letters instead of the dots:

gu ... ki (__________);
fl ... ki (__________);
gr ... (__________);
chapter ... (__________);
quick ... ki (____________);
lo ... ka (____________);
horse ... b (______________);
zu .. (_______).

8. Choose the correct option:

Sha (p / b) ka, provo (d / t), cru (g / c), povya (s / s) ka, me (d / t), su (d / t), weak (d / t) cue, oshi (b / p) ka, doba (v / f) ka, decree (s / s) ka.

9. Insert the letters in the text:

Lebe ... b is the king of all waterfowl. He, like a dream ..., white, graceful, he has shiny eyes ... ki, black la ... ki and a long guy ... neck. How beautiful he swims in the ... pond water!

10. Correct the errors:

I love to read skazki.
Like fragrant berries of strawberries!
On the grill sowed carrot.
The sticky birch trembles with petals in the wind.
Tray floated on the lake.
Berek is gradually approaching.
Storosh does not sleep.
Loudly puffs in the yard mongrel.
Yosh rustles in the bushes.

The answers

1. What is a double consonant? Consonant, having a pair of deafness or voiced.

2. Add the sentence:

To check paired consonants, you need to choose a test word.

3. Highlight the words that need to be checked:

load .. ka , root..y, gla..y , dress..y, losha..ka , be careful..y, ready..to, do..ki , l o ... ki , other..ny.

4. Write the sounds in square brackets:

herbs [B] ka, lo [D] ka, zu [B] ki, arbu [Z], lo [D] ka, koro [B] ka, ko [G] ty.

5. Underline the check word:

Fairytale - fairy tale, head - head, pie - pies, ditch - groove, birch - birch, eyes - eyes, strip - stripes, copybook - notebook, spikelet - spikelets, jump - jumping

6. W or W?

Boots, paths, pieces of paper, crumbs, horns, powders, lambs, spoons, toys, cups, frogs.