The Russian language is one of the most difficult for foreigners and at the same time the richest in the world. Adjectives give it special brightness. No other language has so many shades, because it is thanks to this part of speech that you can convey all the beauty and character of the described subject.
The name of the adjective is introduced to children in primary school. At first, the kids learn only about what questions this part of the speech answers. And in high school they already touch upon a more complex topic - to study it you need to remember which cases in Russian are used to declens different parts of speech.
A bit about the school curriculum. What questions do the cases have?
The school provides for the study of six cases, which have their own questions. In order to make it easier for children to learn such, at first glance, incomprehensible names, teachers offer all kinds of rhymes made up of the first letters. For example: Ivan (nominative) gave birth to (genitive) girl (dative), ordered (accusative) to drag (instrumental) diaper (prepositional).
To deal with the topic of declension of adjectives, you need to remember what cases are presented in the list studied by the school curriculum:
Them. n. - Who? What?
R. p. - Whom? What?
D. p. - To whom? Why?
V. p. - Who? What?
T. p. - By whom? Than?
P. p. - About whom? About what?
It is thanks to the ability to put the question to the word that you can determine in which case it is used in the sentence. However, sometimes there are difficult cases when the proposed list does not have the desired option. For example, which case answers the question: “How?” It is not in the list mentioned. In order to answer, you need to deal with the declension of adjectives.
How adjectives are inclined
To begin with, you need to select all adjectives from the sentence, that is, those words that define the attribute of an object, describe it and answer the questions: “Which?”, “Which?”, “Which?” or "What?"
For example: A bright dawn lazily rose above a sleeping city.
The adjectives of this sentence are bright (which?) And sleeping (which?). To determine which case answers the question “what” and “which”, you need to figure out which nouns these adjectives are attached to.
Bright dawn - here the noun answers the question: “What?”, It turns out that the case is nominative. Accordingly, the word "bright" is in the nominative case.
Above the sleeping city - here the noun answers the question: “Above what?”, It can be found in the list (it refers to the instrumental case). Therefore, the answer to the question: “Which case answers the question“ how? ”” Is very simple: if the noun is in the instrumental case, then the adjective associated with it is inclined in the same way in this case.
The systematic scheme for determining the case of an adjective name looks something like this:
- Record the sentence and highlight all adjectives.
- Determine with which nouns the part of speech mentioned above has a connection, namely, the characteristics of which subject it describes. As a rule, these two parts of speech in a sentence stand together; a preposition can also be attached to them.
- Identify the case of selected nouns. In this paragraph, you need to pay attention to the fact that the accusative and nominative cases to inanimate objects have a common question - "what?" In order not to confuse them, in the sentence it is necessary to highlight the grammatical basis.
- The rules of the Russian language say that the case of adjectives is the same as that of nouns associated with it.
Instead of a conclusion
At first glance, this topic is very simple and does not require in-depth study, but this opinion is not entirely true. Indeed, it is thanks to the knowledge of the case system that one can build competent speech. Often, precisely because of the lack of such basic knowledge, it is not possible to correctly describe the attribute of the desired subject. Learn your native language, delve into all the nuances, remember that there are no trifles here. After all, how pleasant it is to realize that even if you are picked up in the middle of the night and asked: “And what case answers the question“ what “?”, You can give a clear and correct answer - a good one!