Today, many sports are rapidly gaining popularity. The development of technology helps people from all over the world follow the competition. Sport improves health, rejuvenates and gives a good mood.
Now there are various competitions in athletics, in which pole vaulting is not the last. Athletes seem to fly up in the air. Of course, this is not so, but the technique of pole vaulting is extremely complicated.
Everyone remembers the great Sergey Bubka, whose record has been maintained for many years. Among women, the real genius of pole vaulting is Elena Isinbaeva, whose achievement the other athletes never beat. After giving birth, she returned to the sport.
So how do you make the pole vault? What is the history of this interesting and beautiful sport? How difficult is a pole vault, the technique of which remains a mystery to most people?
Appearance
Before proceeding to the description of the technique of jumping, you need to understand the history of this sport. A few centuries BC. e. at various festivals, young people had fun in this way. However, these jumps could not be called sports. Only in 1866 the first pole vaulting competitions were held in England. At that time, Veler was the winner, who conquered the mark of 3 m. In 1896, pole vaults were included in the program of the Olympics, and the American Haight reached the result of 3.30 m that same year, which became a new record. The sport switched to the next stage of its development with the advent of a bamboo pole. The plant possessed good qualities, for example, it perfectly spring, forcing athletes to rise even higher. In 1908, Wright conquered the 4 m mark. His result was 402 cm. This record for pole vaults did not last long, however.
Development
A new addition was the use of special pits. This was not a revolution in sports, but contributed to the establishment of new records. In 1924, the rules included the possibility of using a special box that performed the same function as the recess. The bamboo pole was exploited until 1945. He could not find a replacement, so the record of 4.77 m was kept for 15 years, after which Gitovsky, who established it, improved his result by 1 cm in 1957. After 3 years, Bragg conquered the mark of 4.80 m.
In the USSR in the postwar years, the development of all kinds of sports took place, and pole vaulting was no exception. Photos of chronicles have survived to this day, and pictures of modern athletes you can see below in the article.
The next impetus for the development of this sport was the introduction of fiberglass poles, which really changed the jumps. They were much lighter and more resilient, while bamboo often broke and injured athletes. Foam mats also began to appear, which were equipped with landing places. This secured the participants of the competition. Already in 1963, Sternberg overcame the mark of 5 m. And, finally, Sergey Bubka conquered the six-meter line with a result of 614 cm.
Women
This sport was not exclusively male. Pole vault without any problems could make women. For the first time, the fairer sex took part in competitions in 1919. German Behrens conquered the mark of 2 m. After this sport was banned, and again became legal only in the 80s.
The real legend in pole vaulting among women is Elena Isinbaeva, who set a record as many as 9 times. Her latest achievement is overcoming the 5 m mark. Her result is 501 cm.
Description
So what are pole vaulting? How to describe this sport? To complete the jump, you need to not only jump well, but also scatter and correctly put the pole itself. An athlete needs endurance, flexibility and agility. Pole vaults are rightfully the most difficult in technical terms among all sports that are represented in athletics.
Thus, a competent technique for performing jumps is as follows:
- take-off and setting the pole at point blank range;
- repulsion;
- flight without support due to a push through an installed bar;
- landing on the mats.
Take-off run
This is the first part of a proper pole vault. The run-up usually takes place at a distance of about 35-40 m, depending on the preferences of a particular athlete. It is also important to comply with the established rules. It is important to run at optimal speed, as this will give a good boost. The run must be approached with full attention. The six also needs to be held in a certain way. He must remain free and at the same time fully controlled by the athlete. Running should not cause vibration. When holding the pole, you must adhere to the following rules.
- Retention occurs at the level of the belt.
- The left hand (if the jogging foot corresponds to this side) should be on top of the pole. Grip is also important. The thumb must be held down, the rest above. If the right hand is involved, then you need to take the opposite position.
- The pole angle in relation to the ground - for each athlete the value is purely individual. However, it is usually less than 70 degrees.
- The grip height also depends on a particular person and his physical fitness. The higher the athlete's preparedness, the greater this value.
- The distance between the hands in adults is up to 70 cm. In children, for obvious reasons, it is less.
- The speed of professionals is about 10 m / s. It allows you to make high-quality repulsion. During the last steps, preparation for the jerk just happens. The elbow rests against the pole, which is pulled forward.
Direct preparation is carried out in different ways. Everything again depends on the indicators and preferences of each athlete.
- The six steps forward 3 steps.
- At 5-4, most often it falls to an angle from 70 degrees to 25.
- Then, in 3 steps, the pole is fixed.
It is necessary to synchronously perform the above movements in order to achieve a better result. In professional athletes, movements are honed to automatism, which explains their phenomenal results.
Tips and explanations
During the translation of the pole forward, in front of the chest, the main work is performed by the brush of the right hand. During the third step, she moves with the corresponding leg to the shoulder. During the second step with the same limb, the brush should already occupy a position near the shoulder and chin. After the right leg has taken up the supporting position, the axis of the hip joint and shoulders should be parallel to each other. The take-off line, along which the movement occurs, should be perpendicular to them. In order to correctly perform a pole vault, the length of the pole must correspond to the weight of the athlete. For example, for a person of 80 kg, a 4.9 m shell is best suited.
Important points
Together with the rotation of the right hand, you need to substitute the left elbow under the pole. This is necessary in order to make a competent push. The synchronism and correctness of the action are also important here. The repulsion occurs directly due to the swing of the arms from the chest and the lunge of the corresponding leg, which gives the body more acceleration for the jump. The fly leg should strike the athlete’s left hand. This is the way professionals use it. A little trick allows you to fully reveal the speed potential of the jumper.
Repulsion
This is the fastest phase performed by athletes on an automatic level. The repulsion occurs directly during the position of the pushing leg on the support. After the legs are completely lifted from the ground, the phase ends and moves on to the next. Repulsion may seem like the easiest part of a pole vault, which is not so important. However, it is not. It is from the jolt that the “flight” altitude depends. You can accelerate well, be able to behave correctly in the air, but without repulsion, nothing will work. Pole vaulting is performed without a wave of arms. But the hands at the same time play a different role: they seem to lean on the pole and toss the athlete up. I must say that modern shells are able to bend a meter, on more "ancient" the same opportunity was not available to athletes. When a pole vault occurs, the technique plays a major role.
In order to do everything right and achieve a better result, it is necessary to move the body to a vertical position. Most of all, the movement mechanism is similar to long jumps, with the exception of the work of the hands. Foot swing should be performed slightly less than in the above sport, and the pelvis and chest should move forward. After straightening, the push leg presses the pole perpendicularly, the right hand pulls the projectile down, and the left hand rests on it and goes up. Thus, there are two forces acting in different directions and contributing to a better result, due to the straightening of the pole.
Correct execution
Impact does not occur, since the projectile has great elasticity. The musculo-ligamentous apparatus of a person also affects this. After that, the jumper hangs on a pole. It is important to adhere to the values described below. The angle of the pushing leg should be about 60 degrees, and the repulsion - 76. It is also worth noting the forces that directly push the athlete. Vertically, professional athletes have a load of 600 kg, horizontally - 200 kg. However, when repelled, these values are greatly reduced, the forces involved in raising a person are most often 2-3 times less than those indicated. But even this is a lot, the jumper should have great power indicators to stay on the pole. Therefore, men show the best results.
Supporting part
After the repulsion is completed, the next stage begins. The supporting part of the jump must also be performed at the highest level, otherwise it will be quite difficult to achieve great results. It is also divided into several stages, namely, hanging, swinging, extension of the body, pulling up and pushing up.
Performance
After repulsion, the athlete hangs on a pole, which throws him up. Those who use a small deflection of the projectile are hanging on their right hand. In this case, the axis of the shoulders and pelvis deviate towards the opposite limb. Therefore, this type of execution is called "oblique". Today, jumping with a large deflection of the pole is most popular, since the shell material allows you to do this. The method is much more complicated in execution due to technical difficulties, however, high pole vaults are developing, and it is necessary to use leading techniques.
Interestingly, turning the pole towards the left hand during the hang increases the chances of falling, due to the loss of balance. Therefore, it is gradually necessary to switch to hanging on the appropriate arm, which will reduce the likelihood of injury due to the rigid system. It will also help to make efforts made by the athlete’s muscles and move the body upside down. This is necessary in order to jump over the bar. It is also worth increasing the deflection, while leaving the leg performing the push behind, and stretching the muscles of the body surface. The fly leg connects to the push leg, and the pelvis, in turn, approaches the pole. After the muscles that were stretched earlier, push the body out. A swing of the legs takes place. Then the pelvis approaches hands.
An interesting sport is pole vaulting. It combines sophisticated technique with the elegance of body movements.
End of phase
The pole is straightened, thereby giving the athlete the energy that is spent on the jump. After the body is pulled up, it ends with a combination of shoulders and grip. Then begins the push-up, coinciding in time with the full straightening of the pole. Too much legs in different directions should not be. The left hand makes pressing the pelvis to the pole during all the described actions, which also helps the body to turn around its axis. Then the hands come off the pole and the flight begins. At this time, the jumper crosses the bar.
Athletics (including pole vaulting) requires a lot of effort and energy, and the technique of doing the exercises is extremely complicated. It takes time and exhausting training so that a person can achieve results.
End phase
The flight part involves inertia, that is, forward and upward. After the body reaches the level of the bar, the jumper must place his legs behind it, thereby helping himself overcome the obstacle. Preparation for landing begins. Today, the technique of this part is unimportant, since mats insure the athlete. Previously, they had to land in pits with sand and sawdust.
Pole vaulting is extremely popular today. The record set by Sergey Bubka has been holding for a long time, but new athletes dream of breaking it.
Parents give their children in the jumping section. There, their children not only achieve certain results, but also get better, since any kind of athletics requires a lot of effort and hard training.