Modern mankind can no longer imagine life without the achievements of scientific and technological progress, but not everyone understands that at the moment all these achievements have already provoked the emergence of a serious environmental crisis. The constant development of production capacities without taking into account the subtle impact of any of its actions on the environment, as well as the continuous pursuit of maximum profit, led to the fact that the planet’s natural resources were largely depleted, the Earth’s atmosphere became much more polluted, a number of species of animals and plants disappeared , and also a host of other problems. It is for this reason that environmental activity has arisen that is trying to maintain the balance as much as possible.
What is the crisis?
The ecological crisis is a tense state of relations between nature and man, which is characterized by the lack of conformity of production relations and productive forces in society with the ecological and resource potential of the biosphere. At the same time, one must correctly understand that this is a reversible state, and the person himself acts as the most active side, since he can prevent the occurrence of an environmental catastrophe, and it is for this reason that environmental protection exists. It is worth noting that throughout the existence of our planet, environmental crises have arisen more than once.
What is he like?
The crisis represents various phases of the development of the biosphere of our planet, during which a qualitative renewal of living substances is carried out (when some species die out, while others arise). The current stage of the ecological crisis affecting modern mankind is associated with the threat of global pollution, arising from the fact that reducers are not able or do not have time to naturally clear the biosphere of all kinds of compounds of artificial origin that fall into it. Environmental protection activities are aimed at both minimizing the consequences of such pollution and maximally regulating and controlling their occurrence.
Basic concepts
There are several concepts of how nature protection is provided . Thus, environmental protection has several interpretations:
- Activities aimed at maintaining the global life support system of mankind.
- A set of regional, state, political, technological, local and public events aimed at the rational use, preservation and further reproduction of the nature of our planet, as well as the adjacent outer space, which is done in the interests of both existing and future generations.
- A complex science in which general concepts and methods of conservation, as well as the further restoration of natural resources, are developed.
It is worth noting that the concept of "environmental protection" is closely related to the concept of "environmental protection", which includes a set of measures aimed at preserving the natural and socio-economic human environment.
As one of the most important components of the implementation of such activities is the most rational use of natural resources. In other words, such a system of activity is used, the main purpose of which is to ensure the economical exploitation of natural resources, as well as the extremely effective mode of their reproduction, taking into account the promising interests of a developing economy and the preservation of human health.
General principles
The environmental activities of enterprises and various communities are based on certain laws, which can be divided into a number of basic principles:
- An in-depth study of all phenomena and processes that are characteristic of a particular natural system, as well as the totality of these systems and the further consideration of open patterns.
Many people know that in the biosphere, all organisms have a fairly strong relationship with each other, due to which any changes in the environmental parameters ultimately lead to various metamorphoses, which, due to their global nature, can even become irreversible. That is why, when the environmental activities of enterprises are organized, it is extremely important to be based on the results of the research.
- Finding ways to restore chemical elements in the natural cycle.
This principle is completely based on the law of conservation of substances, since nothing arises from nothing and cannot disappear without a trace. In this regard, in the process of creating any new chemical compounds, it is mandatory to turn the resulting elements into other compounds that can turn into substances that are characteristic of the natural complex of compounds.
The development of environmental activities is largely due to the fact that in the process of industrialization many types of substances appeared that are in no way absorbed by the natural environment, and, in particular, this applies to synthetic detergents, rubber and others. All this leads to the fact that part of the atoms of various chemical elements is excluded from the natural cycle, which causes serious harm to nature.
- Accounting for energy costs necessary for the implementation of a particular activity, as well as the possibility of its irreversible dispersion in the external environment.
Various features of this principle are associated with the main manifestation of the law of conservation of energy, that is, it cannot be profitable if certain costs are not incurred for this, and also if you do not take into account the fact that a certain part of the expended energy can be dissipated in the environment due to thermal and other radiation. For this reason, in the process of organizing and further conducting activities aimed at protecting nature, it is extremely important to rationally implement the relevant production processes in strict accordance with the standards of technological operations that ensure environmental safety.
- Taking into account various adaptations, natural mechanisms, and features of the course of biological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes, as maximally rational and developed during natural evolutionary development.
Environmental protection activities in Russia and other countries of the world, in accordance with this principle, provide not only an extremely deep and detailed study of various natural environmental processes, but also mandatory accounting and the use of open patterns in the implementation of various environmental measures and other activities.
Tasks
Environmental activities have the following objectives:
- providing agro-industrial and industrial complexes at such a level as to achieve minimal damage to nature;
- organization of the functioning of various enterprises so that their work causes minimal harm to humans and natural environmental processes;
- regulation by processes of using natural energy and material resources in order to increase the degree of their economy, as well as increase the positive impact on nature;
- preservation of all remarkable or typical objects of both animate and inanimate nature through the creation of reserves, nature reserves or various national parks;
- carrying out a range of activities aimed at organizing environmentally friendly recreation, as well as protecting public health.
How is this ensured?
Nature protection is organized through the implementation of a number of preventive and active measures, while all of them are quite responsible. Environmental protection in the form of preventive measures is a set of activities that create ideal conditions for maintaining the balance of nature in a certain territorial area. As an example of such works, one can single out the conservation of natural landscapes, interesting to science or simply valuable biocenoses, as well as various plants and animals.
Active measures are stimulation of environmental activities and the implementation of a number of actions aimed at eliminating the consequences of the negative impact of people on any natural environmental processes. In particular, this includes the fight against various pollution affecting the air basin of the oceans, as well as individual elements of the hydrosphere and land resources. In addition, special attention is paid to the development of technologies for carrying out various production processes and transforming ecological systems that would be more perfect from an environmental point of view and would create better conditions for humans.
Economic and legal framework
Ensuring environmental safety is the main goal that environmental protection sets itself. The types of such activities, all without exception, are aimed at protecting the present and future generations from the impact of the environment, which could be harmful to their health due to excess pollution due to human actions or all kinds of natural disasters. It is worth noting that in Russia, the organization of environmental protection is one of the most important components of human security.
Economic support
Such support consists in achieving the most complete extraction and consumption of various natural resources with minimal labor and material costs, taking into account the costs necessary to ensure the environmental safety of humans, as well as natural organic communities. In this case, the calculation of costs includes costs for the extraction and processing of raw materials with the subsequent receipt of finished products, for the restoration of various natural biocenoses, as well as human health, with negative impact on the environment due to its significant pollution. In the overwhelming majority of cases, instant profit does not pay off with further costs.
Features of nature conservation in Russia
In current legislation, the basis of environmental policy includes the following principles:
- the main priority is the protection of human health and life, as well as ensuring the most favorable environmental conditions for work, life and rest of people;
- a scientifically justified combination of environmental and economic interests of society, which can provide real guarantees of human rights to the natural environment, which would be as healthy and favorable for life as possible;
- rational use of any natural resources;
- compliance with applicable environmental laws with inevitable punishment for any environmental violations;
- publicity in the work of any bodies that deal with environmental issues, as well as close communication with the population and the public in solving any problems related to the protection of nature;
- cooperation with other countries in the field of environmental protection.
Legislation
In addition to the fact that the law determines the right of everyone to live in a favorable and healthy environment, environmental environmental protection concerns himself, that is, he must maintain the appropriate quality of this environment and protect it with accessible methods. The right to a favorable environment is ensured through state control over the quality of the natural environment, as well as compliance with established environmental laws. One of the most important measures for the preservation of the environment is the implementation of the right environmental education, as well as the correct education of each individual, and this applies in particular to the younger generation.
The legislation sets out the main goals of the state’s environmental activities, the economic mechanism for its implementation, as well as the standardization of environmental quality, a plan for conducting relevant examinations and various environmental requirements for existing facilities.