Each text consists of interconnected sentences or paragraphs that are combined into a single whole by a specific topic and main idea. All sentences in the text have a semantic connection, which builds a hierarchy of parts in meaning, significance and complexity. According to the functional-semantic content, the following types of texts in Russian are distinguished: narration, description and reasoning. Consider their main features.
A story is a story about an event, told in a time sequence. The process of action itself, that is, the development of the plot, is put forward in first place. Works of this type are dynamic and basically start with the beginning or ending of the incident, which is stated in direct or reverse chronological sequence. Often used in letters and memoirs. Since actions and incidents are reported here, an important role belongs to the
past tense verbs and adverbs that indicate the sequence (once, then, finally, etc.) that helps to unfold the narrative. All narrative types of text have a plot (the beginning of a story), a climax (its development), a denouement (the end of an event).
In the description, the main idea is to verbally depict a phenomenon by listing its main characteristics and attributes.
Its purpose is to convey the subject of the description so that the reader clearly sees it in his mind. In the landscape it will be a view of the sky, grass, trees; the portrait has an expression of eyes, posture, gait. Descriptive texts are characterized by consistency in the description, the unity of view, the use of adjectives and static. The basic scheme of its construction is as follows: the general impression of the object - individual signs - the author’s attitude to the object.
Comparing
these types of text, we can say that they are opposed to
each other, since their characteristics are the static of one and the dynamics of the other.
The last type is reasoning. It is based on the clarification and affirmation of any thought, describes the causes of phenomena, reflections, is a four-part topic: introduction - thesis - argumentation (evidence) - conclusion. These types of text, in contrast to the description and narration, have a more complex sentence structure (using separate turns and different types of allied and non-union communication) and vocabulary (many abstract concepts are used). The main goal is to prove something, to convince another, to refute the opponent’s opinion.
As you can see, all types (speech) of the text have special compositional features and are used in various genre forms. However, in its pure form, the narrative, description and reasoning are not always found, basically combine their elements. For example, literary texts often combine all types of text, which are successively alternated with each other, and reasoning can consist of descriptive and narrative components. This makes the work more expressive and interesting.