Pidgin refers to languages that arise in extreme situations that are unnatural for ordinary circumstances during inter-ethnic communication. That is, this happens when two nations urgently need to understand each other. Pidgins and Creole languages appeared when European colonialists contacted local peoples. In addition, they emerged as a means of communication for trading. It happened that children used the pidgin and used it as their native language (for example, the children of slaves did this). In such circumstances, the Creole language developed from this dialect, which is considered to be its next stage of development.
How is pidgin formed?
In order for such an adverb to form, several languages must contact at once (usually three or more). The grammar and vocabulary of the pidgin are quite limited and extremely simplified. For example, in it there are less than one and a half thousand words. This dialect is not native to either one, nor to another, or to a third nation, and due to the simplified structure, such a language is used only during certain circumstances. When a pidgin is native to a large number of people of mixed origin, it can be considered independent. This took place in the era of colonization of American, Asian and African lands from the 15th to the 20th century. An interesting fact: its evolution into the status of the Creole language occurs when mixed marriages appear.
Creole in Haiti
To date, the number of Creole languages on the planet reaches more than 60. One of them is Haitian, characteristic of the population of the island of Haiti. It is also used by local residents of other American territories. In most cases, the language is common among the natives of the island, for example, in the Bahamas, in Quebec, etc. French is the basis for it. Haitian Creole is the 18th century French vocabulary changed during its development. In addition, he was influenced by Western and Central African languages, as well as Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and a little English. Haitian Creole has a greatly simplified grammar. Since the second half of the 20th century, it is the official language on the island, as well as French.
Seychelles Creole
Also an interesting case of the emergence and development of the Creole dialect is the Seychelles language. On these islands it is official, as are English and French. Seychelles Creole speaks the majority of the inhabitants of the state. Thus, it is quite common among the population. An interesting fact: immediately after the Seychelles became independent and got rid of colonial influence, the government set a goal to codify the local dialect of Patois (a modified version of French). For this, a whole institute was founded in the country, the staff of which studies and develops Seychelles grammar.
The situation in Mauritius
At the end of October (the 28th), the island celebrates the day of the local Creole language. Although a large number of people in Mauritius use it in everyday life (the local dialect is based on French), English or French is mainly chosen for official negotiations and office work. This situation does not suit local residents. The Mauritian Creole language needs support and development, for which specific measures should be taken. This is what the members of one local association did. So, it is known that to support the written application of the Creole language in Mauritius, its members are preparing an entire publication in many languages, which will contain translations of Alain Fanshon’s poem entitled “Paper Boat” (originally written in Creole).
The island is located in the middle of the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, and has a complex history. As a result, today English and French are equally used there, but in everyday life the local Creole, as well as the so-called Bhojpuri, which is of Indian origin, are widespread. According to Mauritian law, there are no official languages in the country, and English and French are equal by law for state use. Despite the fact that residents speak local Creole, it is not used in the media.
What is underservice?
This name from the very beginning suggests that the word is of German origin, even to those who do not know the German language. However, the underservice has nothing to do with modern Germany, but refers to the colonial period in the history of Papua New Guinea and Australia. An interesting fact is that it is the only Creole language in the world that is based on German. In the 70s of the XX century, researchers in New Guinea completely accidentally discovered the use of unserdich, which in translation sounds like "our German."
Thus, today it is the only surviving creole on the planet with such a foundation. At present, less than a hundred people are using unsuccessful. And, as a rule, these are old people.
How did the underserge appear?
The dialect was formed near a settlement called Kokopo in New Britain. In this area, in the late 19th - early 20th century, there were members of the Catholic mission. Nuns trained local children, and the training was conducted using literary German. Little Papuans, Chinese, Germans, and those who migrated from Australian territory played together, which caused the languages to mix and form a pidgin with a predominantly German base. It was he who they later passed on to their children.
Seminole Language
Afro-Seminole Creole is a language that is considered to be an endangered dialect of the Gall language. Black seminole use this dialect in a certain territory in Mexico and in such American states as Texas and Oklahoma.
This nationality is associated with the descendants of free Africans and Maron slaves, as well as the Gaul people, whose representatives moved to the territory of Spanish Florida in the 17th century. Two hundred years later, they often lived together with the Native American Seminole tribe, from where the name comes from. As a result, cultural exchange led to the formation of a multinational union in which two races participated.
To date, the place of residence of their descendants is located in Florida, as well as in the countryside in Oklahoma, Texas, the Bahamas and some regions in Mexico.