Speech styles are forms of speech historically fixed in a language that are characteristic of various types of communication. Each style is characterized by its own set of speech means, is appropriate in a certain area, has its own genres, the purpose of use.
What are the styles of speech? Let's take a closer look at their classification.
Colloquial. This is the style that we communicate everyday in everyday life. He is characterized by colloquial vocabulary, a large set of emotionally colored words (for example, “boy”, “cool”, etc.). In colloquial speech , the use of incomplete sentences is acceptable, the meaning of which is clear from the context, informal appeals. Style genres can be conversation or conversation (oral forms), notes, letters (written form).
Art style. Its purpose is to influence readers, shape their feelings and thoughts, using a variety of images. The genres of this style are prose, drama, poetry. In order to convey images, writers use all styles of speech, all the wealth of the Russian language.
The scientific style is intended to explain scientific works, and its scope is scientific research activity. A distinctive feature of scientific speech is the abundance of terms - words that have a single, most accurate, comprehensive meaning. The genres of science include reports, textbooks, essays, scientific papers.
The official business style is designed for communication between citizens and institutions or institutions among themselves. For this, protocols, official letters, laws, regulations, announcements, etc. are used. In this style there are a lot of stamps (stable expressions), business vocabulary, official appeals.
The journalistic style has a strictly defined goal. Translated from Latin, the word means “state”, “public”. It is needed for:
- propaganda of ideas;
- influence on public opinion;
- transmission of critical information with a simultaneous effect on a person;
- suggestions of ideas, views;
- motivation for certain actions;
- agitation.
The scope of this style is cultural, social, economic, political relations. It is used in the media, public speaking, campaigning and political sphere. Features journalistic style of speech are
- logical narrative;
- imagery of speech means;
- emotional performances;
- narrative appraisal;
- invocations of speeches.
Naturally, the emotional coloring of the style corresponds to no less emotional language means. It widely uses political and public vocabulary, a variety of types of syntactic constructions. The use of appeals, slogans, incentive sentences is allowed.
Journalism Genres:
- interview;
- Essays
- Reporting
- articles;
- feuilleton;
- speeches (public speaking, judicial);
- performances.
To some extent, journalistic and scientific styles of speech are close. Both should reflect only verified facts, be reliable, strictly justified, specific.
Some articles or journalistic speeches are even built in the likeness of a scientific text. The thesis is advanced, followed by arguments, facts, and examples. Then the conclusion is made. But, unlike the scientific one, the journalistic style is characterized by high emotionality, tension, and often a personal attitude to what is happening.
Unfortunately, modern journalists do not always fulfill the requirements that are mandatory for publicists. Often their articles are based on unverified data, and some writers use knowingly false information to create sensational material.
When building your speech, turning to someone, creating an artistic or scientific text, you need to remember: parts of speech were not invented by chance. The ability to convey one’s thoughts accurately and appropriately characterizes a person as an educated, cultural person.