Communication is a complex act of mental activity characteristic of most living things. If in lower insects, animals and birds this happens at a reflex level, then the higher the level of development of a living organism, the more diverse are the manifestations of brain activity. Naturally, it is most pronounced in humans.
Communication and its types
As the psychology of communication teaches , types of communication are associated with concepts such as need / need for information transfer; establishing / developing contacts between individuals or social groups; joint productive activities. They have existed since the inception of human society and will continue to exist as long as it exists. Studying the psychology of communication, the types of communication between an individual and many people. Let's consider them in more detail.
- Indirect and direct communication. Direct is carried out through personal contacts when people talk to each other. Indirect is conducted through intermediaries, second-third parties.
- Instrumental and target communication. The first is related to solving various business issues. In joint production, the psychology of communication, the types of communication and their forms are extremely important. But the target is more free, neutral. It is designed to satisfy personal needs in relationships, relationships, conversations, etc.
- Communication is verbal (i.e., in verbal verbal form) and non-verbal.
- Indirect and direct. As described above, these forms have a number of ways of expression. The psychology of communication, the types of communication associated with them, on the one hand, are more complex, versatile, and, on the other hand, are somewhat simplified.
So, it is directly related to the unity of place and time, the need for the presence of both / several interlocutors at the same time. And this is his limitation. But it is more diverse in the possibilities of facial, intonational and other expressions of emotions. Indirect communication is more free from local and other bindings. It does not require interlocutors to be nearby at the time of speech. For example, writing a letter to a friend, we can be thousands of kilometers away from him. But to see a smile, to hear the timbre of the voice and other specific nuances is already impossible.
Functional Positional Communication
This is far from everything that social psychology studies . The types and functions of communication are not limited to those listed above. For example, Western experts point out that, depending on the nature of the dialogues, the positions of “parent”, “child” and “adult” stand out. Moreover, the same person, depending on the situation, acts in each of them for one day and even one speech situation.
They are characteristic of people, regardless of age, and are accepted both unconsciously and on purpose. "Parents" act as punitive and guardians, and "child" - rebellious or obedient. In this regard, the classification of types of communication is divided into a number of positions. Among them, first of all, such as “on equal terms”, “subordinates”, “pressure from above”, open and closed stand out. They, in turn, are considered basic for 8 styles of individual communication.
This and many other knowledge acquired by social psychology make it possible to correctly, correctly build relationships between people, to cultivate tolerance and tolerance, and help to adapt in society.