Psychology highlights some of the laws of human perception of the world. Scientists investigated the state when the human brain adapted to a changing reality, and came to the conclusion: those who lead a mobile lifestyle adapt better and faster. It is easier to perceive space in motion. Without this, the learning process stops.
Features of human development
Some laws of perception of the surrounding world through simple experiments and observations are established. So, researchers compared passive children and mobile in certain conditions. One of these experiments was the observation of people caught in inverted space.
The laws of perception apply to everyone without exception. The proof of this is the experience with glasses that reflect the world around upside down. A person wearing such optics will adapt to changing conditions.
The brain begins to isolate objects and lead analogies taken from accumulated experience. Just a month later, a person feels comfortable in the new conditions and lives a normal life. But once he removes the optics, he again gets lost in space for a while.
It’s easy to notice the laws of perception when you leave the city streets after a long trip at high speed. Everything seems so slow that it seems as if you are walking. To restore a sense of speed, just stop for an hour or two. The optics example requires more time to adapt to changing conditions.
Why it happens?
The correct perception of space directly depends on the movements of parts of the human body. An important role is played not by the movement itself from point A to B, but by a process in which muscle work is involved. Adaptation to changing conditions occurs only through motility, the performance of repeated manipulations.
Children learn about the world through constant play. Adults are more adapted to learning, learning something new when moving. This is the perception, which proves the simplest experience:
- One of the adults was given optics that turn over the picture of the surrounding space, and made him immediately move, trying to perform daily functions. At first he was confused, but quickly rebuilt and began to perceive the world as usual.
- Another adult was forced to be passive and sit in a chair without making any movements at all. He was also given similar optics. Even after a long time, he was not able to adapt to the changing conditions.
Conclusions from the experience
The correct perception of space directly depends on the physical activity of the individual. There is so-called muscle memory, although its involvement cannot be proved by tangible facts. When moving, the organs of hearing, vision, and touch are more active.
Thus, the internal processes of the formation of the abilities of perception and understanding of the beautiful are more saturated. For the proper development of man, movement is necessary. According to most scientists, adequate images are formed only under such conditions.
Movements can be internal, it matters that they be muscular. Even visual perception occurs due to the random movement of the pupil of the eye. With its static position, the object is washed out. This may be due to the adaptation of cones, rods.
It is proved that such a perception is unnatural, it occurs when the inhibition of all body systems is observed. The image of an object seems to disappear from a person’s field of vision.
Psychophysiological characteristics of a person
The well-known domestic scientist Sechenov proved a direct relationship between the movement of physical and psychological development. He showed that such a perception of the world is optimal. When moving, the parameters of the objects are adequately perceived:
- Sizes: length, height, depth.
- Proportions relative to other items.
- The distance to the object.
- The speed of its movement and its movement.
It is impossible to imagine a static person who really perceives the state of the world around him. We can often hear the expression: while I move, I live. It appeared long before the creation of teachings on psychology.
This is the peculiarity of human perception of surrounding objects. However, the movement affects the understanding of the essence of the concept of "time". The ability to adequately evaluate the parameters of objects is not enough. For existence in this world, it is important to navigate in time.
Thinking and perception can be fractional - the periodic activity of the organism gives rise to the concept of time. Intervals of movements help a person to accelerate or slow down, which additionally helps to realize the essence of the true things of the universe.
From the dynamics of the surrounding space and the person himself depends on his worldview. Each object is kind of felt by the look. When a new object appears, the pupil begins to change its position thanks to the muscles. It compares what it sees with the base in memory, estimates the distance, attempts are made to evaluate the speed of the subject itself.
The sensory organs receive information from the muscles during the examination of the surrounding space. The pupil, auricles, nasal receptors, nerve endings of the skin of the hands in direct contact with objects are involved in this. Movement refers to the first condition of perception.
Memory
The perception of objects is accompanied by the recording of stable images in memory, which are stored for a long time under suddenly changing conditions in space. So, in the above example, when a person puts on glasses that turn the picture over, a violation of perception occurs . The real situation does not correspond to the usual one and it is required to rewrite the existing base.
The second law of perception can be attributed to memory: the images of the surrounding reality are stored for a long time, thinking reinforces them. The experience with glasses is proof: if an ordinary person puts them on, they can get lost. Similarly, if you remove them after prolonged wearing: the memory has already overwritten the usual images and again discomfort and disorientation.
As a result, we can draw conclusions: perception and understanding directly depends on the accumulated human experience in the process of cognition of the world. Image memory even after overwriting in a new environment distorts the real parameters of objects. The brain is always looking for a correspondence between the appearance of a new subject and the appearance of previously encountered images.
When the situation is familiar, the thinking regarding this issue is partially turned off, and the person already has an intuitive perception of the surrounding reality. This explains the disappearance of discomfort in the new conditions. The speed of adaptation is different for everyone, this period is significantly reduced due to “muscle memory”.
Under the changing conditions, therefore, the younger generation adapts faster, because its representatives are constantly on the move. It is worth noting: if older people were engaged in daily sports or at least avoided static conditions, then they would easily rewrite their memory area. This refers to the one that is responsible for the perception of the surrounding space.
It is enough to just walk around the room, and the process of getting used to the glasses will be much more effective than those who will sit in an armchair and view the world only by turning their heads. The speed of adaptation increases with the involvement of the organs of hearing, touch. When touching surrounding objects, objects are recognized faster.
Correct memory entry
Information about the surrounding objects enters the central nervous system. For the correct formation of the parameters and properties of objects requires a constant and maximum influx of new information. This is possible only during the movement of the body, or at least its parts.
Suitable conditions are created by exercises that are performed according to the established schemes. This is how we learn to walk, swim. As a result of repeatedly repeated actions, new information is recorded and corrected when a discrepancy is detected.
An example of training is an experiment in which any person is placed in a pool of water for a long time. The temperature of the new space is comfortable, but the subject cannot feel it thanks to special equipment. Pads completely cover the skin and exclude the possibility of touch. So a person cannot hear anything, his eyes are closed.
After some time, it is removed from the water and checked. The result of the experiment is:
- violation of orientation in space;
- the possibility of perceiving the course of real time is lost;
- the ability to normally capture the parameters of surrounding objects is reduced;
- the ability to perceive tastes, sounds, colors is violated;
- some people have hallucinations as a result of disturbances.
The results of the experiment led to the conclusion: a person needs constant replenishment of information about the surrounding space for his proper perception. Once you move to new conditions for a while, the so-called destruction of existing add-ons takes place. Often in common people they are called habits.
Habits are changing thanks to a new flow of information about the world. The more powerful the flow, the faster the person will relearn. In this case, the muscles become something like conductors that have little resistance to information. They seem to strengthen the channels for its movement directly into the central nervous system.
Development process
The formation of perception takes place throughout a person’s life. This process never stops while movement is taking place. Even as a child, each individual forms a real-time perception system. It subsequently affects how the brain accepts each new object.
The creation of the flow of information occurs through the following processes:
- games and communication with peers;
- physical contact with objects, living organisms makes a significant contribution to the knowledge of the world;
- both labor and rest are necessary, even fights are needed for the development process;
- endless experiments help to form the correct perception: “the path of difficult errors” is needed to correct the memory, written incorrectly under the influence of many life factors;
- the search for a stimulus to movement is developed in infancy and remains the main factor in stimulating one or another activity.
In adulthood, a person is interested in the emergence of something new in the environment. This is especially attracting attention if the object stands out from the familiar picture. Internal arousal is explained by the reflex of adaptation, which is laid down by nature itself.
The perception of the world is much more effective when leaving the “comfort zone”. This rule is followed by many personnel development companies. Such conditions are artificially created when a person is, as it were, removed from the usual familiar space. This ensures the emergence of an internal stimulus to learning in a new reality.
In schools, creative-minded teachers take classes to the street or to another chosen place so that the body gets a shake-up and turns on intuitive adaptive reflexes. A recommendation is related to this: more often to change the place of work at least once every 3 years. Development requires a change of scenery, familiar space. A complete rewrite of the available information about the world is needed.
If you spend very long years in a closed room (office, at one official place), the body gradually goes into a dormant state. This is especially true for clerks who perform routine work in a sitting position and do not engage in sports. A change of scenery becomes similar to the effect of a memory bombardment with a new stream of information. A person, without noticing it, becomes capable of absorbing material that previously was not even within the power of just reading.
Internal conflicts
The process of perception is complex in terms of the classification of events. It can be described by a set of accidents in the life of each individual. All the senses act on the area of memory responsible for storing the accumulated base of comparison with the outside world: hearing, sight, touch, smell, taste.
Under certain conditions, a person’s internal thinking comes into conflict with an innate reflex - to know the world as it is. So, at the sight of a flying person, the first negative reaction arises: "this cannot be." But if he himself will fly after a while, then inner peace will come - adaptation of memory to changing conditions was successful.
If it is impossible to adapt, when a person has internal contradictions, difficulties are observed with the assessment of the surrounding space. Disorientation persists, a person cannot lead a normal life in new conditions. In this case, he will need psychological help, training. All information is contained in the internal structures of the brain. This is proved by a study of the sensations of people who have survived amputation of a limb.
For a long time, it seems to a person that he can move it, feels it. This feeling is retained by many for the rest of their lives. Phantom pains occur periodically, preventing the ability to adapt to a new reality.
Intuitively, a person tries to pick up a falling object with an absent hand or grab a handle or grab handle. The memory is tightly fixed in the depths of the nervous system, the brain. Phantoms are worked out throughout life. If the limb is absent from birth, then this effect is not observed.
Age
The laws of perception in psychology are determined by the process of human development. The formed attitude is more difficult to break with age. Up to 9 years, an accumulation of internal memory occurs. At the end of this time threshold, a complete base of perception of the surrounding space is accumulated.
It is to this period of life that a person is adapted to life. The perception base is already prepared. From this age, phantoms are observed after amputation of the limbs.
No clear evidence has yet been given indicating the psychological component in the functioning of the sensory organs. The above examples are only the results of the research, but to explain the deep meaning of the perception of the surrounding world does not work from a scientific point of view. Scientists cannot give a definitive answer how a person can adopt the following abilities through the senses:
- thinking, the ability to draw logical conclusions;
- intuitive abilities;
- gestalt structures of perception.
It is impossible to answer the question of how these abilities a person adopts through the senses. The study of this is mainly done by philosophers. The scientific point of view does not explain the mechanisms for transmitting hidden information.
From the experiments it is clear that for the correct perception of the world it is not enough to cognize the world with the sensory organs known to us. Part of the information about the surrounding world should come through other channels unknown to science so far.
Famous works of philosophers
The main assumption of scientists about the acquisition of the ability to know the world was nativistic, or natural. It considered the issue in the key: all information in a person is laid down from birth through genes. The areas of the mind responsible for this are formed according to laws incomprehensible to science. The works of the English psychologist and philosopher J. Locke have a lot of thought on this subject.
In his works and many of his followers, possible options for acquiring abilities through works and experiments are compared. It also refutes the theory of the accumulation of memory throughout life. So, I.M.Sechenov, a domestic psychologist, considered the role of muscle memory in human life.
D. Bom considered the theory of the acquisition of abilities through the movement of man. In his writings, experiments were given comparing the adaptation of an individual mobile and passive. But in their writings there was no scientific evidence of the process of accumulating information. The hypotheses are still unconfirmed and raise doubts among many communities seeking answers to this question.
At the moment, all philosophers and psychologists agree on only one thing: a person absorbs information about the world through the senses, but part comes through invisible ways: the mind or is formed at birth. The world around us influences consciousness and distorts the idea of surrounding objects. This is confirmed by the simple experiment below.
Often a person cannot immediately determine the explicit essence of a visible object. , , . , .
The person gave meaningfulness to what he saw with the help of his own thinking. The role of trial and error is important in this process. Each time refuting its findings, the brain corrects memory and the next time it determines objects without error.
Adaptation sequence
The body's work on entering information into memory is conditionally divided into several successive stages. The beginning of the recognition of objects is due to the active work of all the senses. The brain is trying to process the information received and compare with the accumulated knowledge. The intellectual process does not end until all the attributes related to this object are highlighted.
Excess information is screened out, only that which is characteristic of the subject in question remains. If it already exists in memory, then the whole process ends in comparison. In the absence of correspondences, the brain tries to identify the belonging of an object to any category. Subsequently, a search for common signs.
Even if the properties of the object have not yet been determined, information about its belonging to a specific category is recorded in memory. This identification process depends on experience. All mechanisms are involved here: thinking, internal information about the object, sensory organs. We can conclude that the absence of at least one of them will not make it possible to obtain a reliable and complete picture.