Many people know what debt is. A sticky unpleasant feeling that hides inside and constantly reminds of money bondage is hated by all people without exception. But the meaning of the word is not limited only to the financial component. A synonym for the word "duty" is duty, duty. The concept described in the article can also be interpreted in this way.
Ancient times
Gradually, with the development of man as a person, many moral aspects and manifestations appeared in his life. They are inherent only to him, distinguishing him from the animal world. Such aspects include mutual assistance, friendship, marital fidelity, and so on. Of course, the listed qualities are also found in some other biological species. But it is man who gives them the most attention, since they play a significant role in his life and, in general, have a beneficial effect on the course of evolution.
Later, with the development of a more or less civilized society, various aspects gradually appeared that were again inherent only to man. For example, such a thing as conscription, duty. So what is debt, what are its types and what is it? In this we will try to answer all the questions.
Definition
Before we examine this phenomenon in detail, we will analyze the terminology. This word can be applied to many situations, but all of them are united by one and the same essence. According to the dictionary, debt is an obligation according to which one person transfers monetary or other values to another. It is mandatory to return in the future in the same or increased volume, depending on the circumstances and the elapsed time. The subject of debt may be cash, other material values, or simply moral obligations. But first things first.
Debt is a way to get assets that the borrower lacks to carry out any of his plans. For example, money is borrowed for starting a business, buying a home, and more. But since there is always the likelihood that finances will not be returned, lenders usually place collateral conditions. For example, if a borrower goes bankrupt, then his property or other values go to pay off the debt. But why, in general, lend?
Interest
Back in the days of the communal system, wealthy people quickly realized that debt is an effective method of increasing their capital. The whole point is that only close friends or relatives will borrow without interest. And those who do this professionally, necessarily assigns certain percentages. For example, if a borrower took a thousand rubles, then in a month he should repay 1,500. Such an activity is called usury. At all times, it was often criticized by citizens, but nevertheless it was not banned. Often, moneylenders deliberately assigned unfavorable conditions to the borrower, seeing his stalemate. After all, if he does not return the money, then you can take away his property, household, etc. So for someone, debt is a source of income. But, there are other types of it.
Moral
When this word is mentioned, most often they mean monetary obligations. But, besides them, there is such a thing as moral duty. In the case of him, the subject of obligations are intangible values, and the moral and social aspects that a person must follow.
Often such debts arise by themselves. For example, taking care of their old and weak parents is a moral duty of every person, since these people gave him life in due time and cared for many years until their heir matured and became independent. Of course, unlike the monetary one, one cannot forcefully attract moral obligation. Everything is built only on the moral aspects of man and his conscience. And often there is someone who does not want to follow them. As you can see, we have analyzed the meaning of the word "duty." So now we know what it is.
Military and state
In a number of some countries, including Russia, there is universal conscription. Its meaning is that every adult resident of a male country is obliged to serve in the army, to learn the basics of military craft or to receive a specialty in order to protect their state in case of war. This is called military duty. And for evading him without objective reasons, the person faces criminal liability.
In the process of development and formation of any state, moments may arise when the internal budget may not be enough for one or another purpose. And then it can take a cash loan from another country. Such a debt is called state debt.