No wonder they say that the Russian language is considered the second most difficult. The first place is Chinese, but in its characters you are unlikely to find the topic "Spelling the participles suffixes". But God bless her, with Chinese literacy, because we will talk about the norms of the Russian language. If you can somehow remember that the suffix -en- is used in the participles in full form, answering the question "What?", Then with one or two n in a short form will have to suffer.
To make it easier for you to remember several rules of the Russian language, you will have to present the short form of the adjective in the form of a sandal with a “five”, and the short form of the participle - a special form of the verb - without it. "Heel" and will be double n .
The spelling of the suffixes of participles in a short form is easier to remember if, by the way, the question is: “What?” Sometimes the word “what” appears in the ending (
s, o, s ), which characterizes the genus of the special
form of the verb (female and average) and the plural, for example: the horse (what?) Is cleared by the groom, the place (what?) Is removed student, scales (what?) left by the seller. The same endings are present in the sacraments: cleared, cleaned, left.
The short form of adjectives always leaves as much n as it was in full form, and the first question cannot be posed: “What?” For example, a sister is neat and well-mannered. From the word sister put the above question to the adjectives “neat” and “well-mannered”. Doesn’t the rumor hurt? Now try this: "What sister?" See the difference? The short adjective “neat” was formed from the neat full form, where one n is written, and the second word is from well-brought up, where a “heel” was sewn to your sandal in the form of nn .
The spelling of the suffixes of participles has a number of features: if the special form of the verb has the prefix non- , then you may not notice it, since it does not force the special form of the verb to “stick the heel” in full form, for example: a forged chest, fresh-frozen fish. The exception is the word soap, as it was formed in a difficult-suffix way (soap + boil + en ).
Primary school teachers often make mistakes by forcing their students to remember two exception words - forged and chewed. They supposedly look like shoes without an unfortunate heel, if used without a prefix. The terrible thing is that students remember this illiteracy for life and suffer for a long time, trying to remember the spelling of the suffixes of participles.
To correct the situation, it is worth reeling around the mustache: the words forged and chewed are really written so if they are followed by a noun in the nominative case: forged bracelet, chewing burdock. As soon as the nominative case changes to an indirect one (from the genitive to the prepositional), the heel is immediately sewn: a bracelet forged by (by whom?), A burdock chewed by (by whom?).
The suffixes of participles, the table of which is found in many textbooks, draw attention to the fact that two words are written such as unprecedented, unexpected, unexpected, chased, unexpected, praised, unread. It’s better to memorize them so that you don’t make mistakes in essays, expositions and dictations.
Spelling the
personal endings of verbs and suffixes of participles of the present tense is not an easy rule, but you can also find a special approach to them if you turn it into a game, having decided in advance what kind of conjugation the verb is in the form of the infinitive and whether this form is two-part, for example: marry, telephone, cable.