Type and conjugation of verbs. Verb conjugation forms

"Verb ... How much of this sound ..." - let us paraphrase a little catch phrase of the great Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin. Perhaps no other morphological category in our language has so many rules and exceptions to them. Especially difficult is the rule about conjugating a verb and choosing the right letter at the end (inflection). The type and conjugation of verbs - these topics, perhaps, have the largest number of lessons from those dedicated to this part of speech.

The category category and the conjugation category of the verb

Morphological categories can be inflectional and non-inflectional. For example, number and time are inflectional categories, since we can change the same word, put in the form of another number or time. But the form and conjugation of verbs are non-inferior categories, these are constant verb morphological signs. If the verb has the first conjugation, then no matter how we change the word, it will remain the first. It is also impossible to change the appearance of a word. You can add a prefix, thereby changing it to another, related to another species.

What is the form and conjugation of a verb? We look below.

What is the type of verb?

The form of the verb can be perfect (ST) (by the way, we ask the question “what to do?”) And imperfect (NSV) (what to do?), That is, the action is either completed and has a result, or is in the process of being performed.

Most often, a perfect look is formed using a prefix or a change of suffix. Dig (what to do? NSV) - dig out (what to do? CB); cut down (what to do? NSV) - cut down (what to do? CB).

Verbs of both types can change the categories of numbers and faces, in other words - conjugate. What can be the endings of conjugations of verbs and how to choose the desired letter at the end of the verb - we read about this later.

Why know conjugation?

This is very important, because the choice of the correct personal ending (inflection) of a word depends on it.

When changing by faces and numbers, all verbs of the Russian language can have two variants of a set of endings - either one conjugation or the other. In other words, knowing conjugation, you can correctly change the verb and not make mistakes in choosing its inflections.

How many conjugations does the verb have?

What forms of conjugation of verbs are in the Russian language and how many are there? The Russian verb has two: the first and second. But each of them has a few exception words that conjugate in a wrong way, not according to the rule.

In addition, there are so-called loose verbs - these are words that change differently than typical words of this part of speech.

Let's remember how to determine the correct conjugation of a verb, and accordingly, and choose the desired personal ending.

1 or 2?

So, the chain of actions in determining conjugation is as follows.

1. First of all, you need to look at the end of the verb: does the stress fall on it? If so, then there is no difficulty. Conjugation in this case is determined precisely by inflection. Verbs 1 conjugation will contain the letters E / E, U / S. We give an example (we mark the inflection with the [] sign): by [YU] song, by [YOM] song, by [YOSH] song, by [YOTO] song, by [YOT] song, by [YUT] song . The ending is shock, the letter is clearly audible, which means we recognize the conjugation without hesitation - it is the first. Verbs 2 conjugations are at the end of the letter I, A / Z. Talk [U] stupidity, talk [IM] stupidity, talk [IS] stupidity, talk [ITE] stupidity, talk [IT] stupidity, talk [YT] stupidity .

You should pay attention to the verbs with the prefix YO-. It can “draw” stress to itself and be misleading. To correctly determine whether stressed inflection is in verbs with such a prefix, you need to mentally remove it, and the stress will fall into place. YOU-years [IS] - years [IS], Escape [IS] - beige [IS].

2. If the ending is unstressed, then the conjugation should be recognized by the infinitive (recall that this is the more scientific name of the initial form (NF) of the verb). Verbs 2 conjugations end in the NF with - and-t (except for the verbs-exceptions, which we will discuss below). BUILD - I will build [U], we will build [IM], you will build [ISH], you will build [ITE], he will build [IT], they will build [IT] . Verbs 1 conjugations in this form end in any other combination of letters. It can be E / B, A / B, O / B, B / B, B / B, / TI, / B and all sorts of others (except for the exception words, which are also discussed below). Parsed - I parsed [U], we parsed [EM], you parsed [YES], you parsed [ET], he parsed [ET], they parsed [UT].

As you can see, understanding this topic is not at all difficult: just look at the place of stress in the word, if necessary, put it in its initial form, and also learn the set of endings for a particular conjugation.

Exceptions to the Rules

We continue the conversation about the form and conjugation of verbs. If a species is a fairly simple grammatical category, and it can be determined in one second, then conjugation also contains "pitfalls" in the form of exception words. Exceptions from the first conjugation are verbs known to every student: tolerance (resentment), insulting (friend), vertice (in the hands), hate (with all my heart), depend (on the circumstances), look (on the side), view (on), and also hear (on), on, on (cows), breathe -a-th (by air), hold-a-th (with you). These words, although they end in e-th, but in the forms of faces they acquire the endings of the second conjugation: depend [Y], hang [IM], hang [ISH], hang [ITE], hang [IT], hang [YT]; holding [U], holding [IM], holding [ISH], holding [ITE], holding [IT], holding [AT] . These verbs also belong to the second conjugation.

Exceptions from the second conjugation are the words br-and-be (beard), steal-and-be (tablecloth) , as well as the obsolete verb " bequeathed" , but since it is almost not used in modern language, in school lessons on it does not focus. These verbs belong to the first conjugation, since when changing by persons and numbers they take the inflections characteristic of it. I stel [Yu], we stel [EM], you stel [YES], you stel [ET], he stel [ET], they stel [UT] .

It is very important to learn these verbs so that they are not misleading when writing. At school, for example, it is with the exception verbs that the main number of grammatical errors is associated .

Verbose verbs

Recall that verbs that take in different forms the personal endings of one conjugation or the other are called non-conjugated. In the Russian language, two such verbs are “ want ” and “ run ”. Judging by the initial form, they should relate to the first conjugation. But let's see how they behave when changing in faces and numbers.

Though: I want [U] to play, we want [IM] to play, you want [TO] play, you want [ITE] to play, he wants [ET] to play, they want [YT] to play . As you can see, in the singular this verb has the ending of the first conjugation, and in the plural the second.

Run: I’m running [U] on the road, we are running [IM] on the road, you are running [ISH] on the road, you are running [ITE] along the road, he is running [IT] along the road, they are running [UT] ] on the road . This verb only in the form of a third person plural behaves like a verb of the second conjugation, and in all other forms it has the end of the first conjugation.

That is why these words are called mixed verbs. Their endings should be remembered.

Russian Conjugation Table

So, we found out why you need to know the conjugation of a verb, how to determine it, which words belong to the first, and which to the second conjugation, and which words are exceptions to this rule.

We summarize all of the above in the table, reflecting in it verbs with personal endings unstressed.

Do not forget that this table should be used only after making sure that the personal endings of the verb are not stressed, and also paying attention to the presence of the prefix “-”.

To summarize

So we figured out what the form and conjugation of the verb, how to define them and why you need to understand these morphological categories well. What conclusions can be drawn?

To determine the type of a verb, it is enough to ask one of two questions: what to do ? or what to do ? In the first case, the species will be imperfect, and in the second - perfect.

To calculate conjugation, you first need to determine whether the stress on the ending falls in personal form. If so, then conjugation is determined by it. If not, then you need to put the verb in NF.

According to the NF, the endings of conjugations are determined in a simple way: you need to notice what the verb in the infinitive ends with, and in accordance with the rule determine the conjugation. At the same time, pay attention to whether this verb is one of the exceptions to the rule. Exceptions need to learn and know a little!

That's the whole rule explaining what the form and conjugation of the verbs of our language are. We hope that the article has been useful and will help to avoid many mistakes when writing. Be literate!